i2& TRAVELS TO DISCOVER 



fubmitted to him, by treachery; and in their place, in every 

 .principal town, he had fubftituted Turkifh officers of con- 

 fidence, ilrongly fupported by troops of Janizaries, who 

 knew no other government but martial law. 



War had now changed its form entirely under thefe new 

 conquerors. Mufkets, and large trains of artillery, were 

 introduced againfl: javelins, lances, and arrows, the only 

 arms then known in Arabia, and in the oppofite continent 

 of Abyffinia. A large fleet, crowded with foldiers, and fill- 

 ed with military itores, the very name of which, as well as 

 their deftructive qualities, were till now unknown in thefe 

 fouthern regions, were employed by the Turks to extend 

 their conqueft to India, where, though by the fuperior va- 

 lour of the Portuguefe they were conflantly difappointed in 

 their principal object, they neverthelefs, in their paffage out- 

 ward and homeward, reinforced their feveral potts in Ara- 

 bia, from which they looked for afliftance and protection, 

 had any enemy placed himfelf in their way, or a ftorm, or 

 other unexpected misfortune, overtaken them in their re- 

 turn. 



These Janizaries lived upon the very bowels of com- 

 merce. They had, indeed, for a fhew of protecting it, efta- 

 blifhed cuftomhoufes in their various ports ; but they foon 

 made it appear, that the end propofed by thefe was only to 

 give them a more diftinct knowledge who were the fubjects 

 from whom they could levy the moft enormous extortions. 

 Jidda, Zibid, and Mocha, the places of confequence neareft 

 to Abyflinia on the Arabian more, Suakem, a fea-port town 

 on the very barriers of Abyflinia, in the immediate way of 

 their caravan to Cairo, on the African fide, were each un- 

 der 



