13 



Education.— Elementary, Secondary, and Technical Education is 

 now being provided for in the schools established by the Govern- 

 ment (Bonny, Benin, Warri, Sapele, Cross river, &c.) ; the 

 Church Missionary Society (Lagos, Brass, Bonny, Degma, Opobo 

 and Bida), and the United Free Church of Scotland (Calabar and 

 Cross river). The Hope Waddell Institute of this latter Mission, 

 erected at Old Calabar by the Government at a cost of £12,000, is 

 one of the largest secondary schools in the Colony. The Wesleyan 

 Mission (Lagos, Ibadan), and the Roman Catholic Missions (Lagos, 

 Onitsha, and Calabar), have also established schools. 



Slavery, once the curse of the country, has been proclaimed 

 illegal in both Colonies. 



Population.— The native population of SOUTHERN NIGERIA in 

 1906 was estimated as follows* : — 



Western province 

 Eastern „ 



Central 



Total 



3,000,000 

 1,500,000 

 1,585,000 



6,085,000 



The Europeans in the three provinces numbered 1,022. 



The approximate returns for NORTHERN NIGERIA for the same 

 year werej : — 



Province. 



Males. 



Females. 



Total. 



Kabba 



55.727 



62.849 



118,576 



Ilorin 



72.318 



107,660 



179.978 



Muri 



214.932 



285,869 



500,801 



Bassa 



253,075 



272.075 



525,150 



Yola 



86,188 



98,812 



185.000 



Kano 



1,357.000 



1.357.000 



2.714.000 



Sokoto 



268.563 



292.735 



561,298 



Zaria 



98,000 



132.000 



230,000 



Kontagora ... 



40,807 



39.375 



80,182 



Nupe 



61.7S3 



61,783 



123,566 



Banchi 



460,000 



460,000 



920.000 



Nassarawa ... 



279.285 



321,720 



601,005 



Borgu 



11.158 



10.715 



21,873 



Bornu 



163,424 



239,898 



403,322 



Grand Total 



3,422 : 2eO 



3.742,491 



7.164.751 



These totals give an average of 79 persons per square mile for 

 Southern, and 27 per square mile for Northern Nigeria. 



Transport.— Three of the greatest drawbacks to the development 

 of Nigeria in the past have been difficulties of transport, 

 slavery and the varying currency; the one in manj* instances 

 depending on the other. Formerly the inland carrying was done 

 by natives who carried a load of GO lbs. or so on their heads. 

 This method is still indispensable in certain districts not, y.i 

 under effective control, more particularly in those parts of 



* Col. Rep., Ann., No. 554, 1908, p. 56. 

 f Col. Rep., Ann.. No. 551. 1907. p. 99. 



