nearly pure salt could be prepared without difficulty. The 

 output in 1904 was estimated at 277 tons per annum, obtained 

 during the dry season only." 



Ilorin, with an area of 6,300 square miles, is a province rich in 

 agricultural and sylvan products. Among the former, in addition 

 to the usual crops, are tobacco, cotton, rice, pepper, ground 

 nuts, and kolas ; the latter include great quantities of shea 

 {Buty rasper mu)i Parkii, Kotschy), as well as of palm oil and 

 rubber. The people are good agriculturists. The city of Ilorin 

 is, next to Kano, probably the largest trade centre in the country. 



The province of . Kabba, with an area of 7,800 square miles, 

 consists of healthy uplands and fertile valleys. The industries 

 are merely such as supply the wants of a primitive people. It is 

 in this province that Lokoja, once the headquarters of Nigeria, is 

 situated. Kola nuts, English cotton goods, and native cloth, natron 

 and live stock, are the chief objects of trade. The native 

 products are palm oil, shea, rubber, and cotton. 



Bassa has an area of 7,000 square miles. This province is 

 probably richer in natural products than any other in the 

 Protectorate. 



Physical Features. 



The general altitude of NORTHERN NIGERIA is not great, but in 

 the neighbourhood of Bauchi an elevation of 3,000 feet and 

 upwards is attained. To the south of this province is the 

 Murchison range, whose southern slopes are drained by the 

 Benue. 



Some idea of the character of the country may be gained from 

 the altitudes of the following places : — 



Loko, on the Benue about 400 miles from the sea is about 

 425 feet above sea level, thence almost due north to Kano the 

 following approximate altitudes have been observed. f Kern 

 about the centre of Nassarawa province, 100 miles distant from 

 Loko ; 1,000 feet. Katill in Zaria province, 100 miles north of 

 Keffi, is 2,530 feet above sea level, and is said to be one of the 

 highest districts in the whole of the Hausa States ; the town of 

 Zaria 50 miles further north is 2,250 feet, and Kano, about 

 80 miles distant, 1,690 feet. Sir Frederick LugardJ has described 

 Zaria as being situated on a plateau which falls away on all 

 sides except towards the east where it rises into highlands 

 of which Bauchi is the centre, the latter place being surrounded 

 by mountains of much greater altitude. He gives the altitude 

 of Yola (200 miles or so south-east of Bauchi) as about 800 

 or 900 feet; Lokoja on the Niger nearly 300 miles south-west 

 of Bauchi, as not more than 300 feet above the sea ; Jebba, 

 about 250 miles south-west of the Zaria plateau, 500 feet, and Illo 



* An account of this manufacture is given in Col. Rep., Mi?c, No. 46. 1908, 

 pp. 10-14, and on p. 24 the product is stated to be "of good quality and suitable 

 for culinary purposes." According to the analysis it compares favourably with 

 much of the salt used in Europe. 



f See Geog. Journ., Vol. viii., 1896, p. 202, " The Hausa Territories," by Rev. 

 C. H. Robinson. 



X Geog. Journ., Vol. xxiii., 1904, p. 13, N. Nigeria. 



