33^ 



AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 



November, 1906 



When You See "26 Gauge" 



stenciled on a bundle of 



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AMERICAN 



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FRICK BUILDING 



PITTSBURGH, PA. 



JUST PUBLISHED 



THIRD EDITION OF 



KIDDER'S 



Cfmrcfjeg «nb Cfjapel* 



By F. E. KIDDER, Architect 



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case of vegetables cached in the earth in the 

 fall. 



The next best form of protection, and far 

 less work, is found in leaves or in evergreen 

 boughs; whenever either of these are used 

 it will be necessary to see that each plant has 

 the earth drawn up well around the stem 

 and if necessary more earth added to that in 

 the bed. For several years I have found that 

 whenever my tender roses have winter-killed 

 they have been killed at the surface of the 

 ground ; this shows two things, first that there 

 was an insufficiency of clay in the soil, letting 

 it shrink away and that the earth was not 

 drawn up and firmed around the roots as it 

 should have been. Where leaves are used they 

 should be piled lightly around the plants quite 

 to their tips, and well out on all sides and held 

 in place by some sort of a frame — old window- 

 blinds make excellent frames, and covered with 

 boards to shed the rain, as wet leaves are 

 worse than no protection at all. 



Evergreen boughs, when obtainable, offer an 

 excellent protection for roses and similar tender 

 plants and should be so placed as to shed 

 water. When used to protect long beds of 

 roses, pansies and the like, I have made ex- 

 cellent use of the ridge-pole principle, this con- 

 sists of placing notched stakes or narrow 

 boards with pointed ends in the beds at regu- 

 lar distances apart and resting long poles in 

 the notches to form the ridge. Against these 

 the evergreen boughs are leaned, stem up 

 and the tips extending out over the edge of the 

 bed. If the evergreen boughs are in sufficient 

 quantity and heavily leaved it will not be nec- 

 essary to use any leaves, and in the case of the 

 pansies none should be used. Corn fodder 

 may be applied in the same way, but is too 

 unsightly for any prominent position, while the 

 evergreen hedge is rather attractive, retaining 

 its emerald green all winter. 



The cardinal principle of all winter pro- 

 tection should not be lost sight of — these are 

 the prevention of sudden thawing and freezing 

 and the protection from severe and chilling 

 winds, and the prevention of water settling 

 about the roots of the plants ; this is nearly 

 always fatal, especially in the case of peonies 

 and lilies. Where the crown of the plant is 

 below the general surface of the land earth 

 should be drawn up around it to shed water; 

 often this precaution alone will be sufficient 

 protection. 



Mere cold alone does not greatly harm 

 plants, but the sudden thawing induced by 

 the sun on a frozen plant produces a rupture 

 of the cells of the plant, which is death, hence 

 we protect the plant from the sun as well as 

 the cold. 



The artificial lily-pond is one of the easiest 

 problems to solve, for here the conditions are 

 all in our favor; the pond being sunken in 

 the ground below an ordinary frost-line and 

 the encircling walls holding the leaves which 

 must be used to fill it securely, it only remains 

 to protect these leaves from wet to insure the 

 safety of the pond and its contents throughout 

 the winter. However, before placing the leaves 

 in the pond certain preparations must be made, 

 the water must be all let out — that is, to just 

 below the surface of the soil in the bottom of 

 the pond and boxes, preferably those with 

 roomy cracks or one end removed, turned over 

 the crown of the plants to prevent the leaves 

 settling around the plants and inducing decay; 

 then the leaves are filled in and rounded up. A 

 stout pole must be laid across the pond, ele- 

 vating it somewhat higher than the top of the 

 curb by putting a support under the middle 

 of it and at each end boards must be laid 

 from this to the ground on two sides of the 

 pond, covering it completely so that no water 

 or snow can enter. It will also be well to lay 

 a piece of oil-cloth across the ends of the pole 

 where the boards end, as at this point snow or 

 rain is likely to drift in. 



