116 W. J. ENRIGHT. 



point at the other end, whereon is lashed a sharpened piece of 

 wood, three and a half inches in length, projecting at a slight 

 angle. The point of this smaller piece of wood is inserted into 

 the end of the shaft of the spear, which is held between the thumb 

 and forefinger of the thrower, the broad flat end of the wommera 

 all the while resting in the palm of the hand. 



Fig. 9 is the Bar'-ro-wa or large bullroarer used in the closing 

 part of the Keeparra 1 ceremony. It is twenty four inches in. 

 length with a maximum breadth of three and one half inches. 



Fig. 10 is a spear composed of three pieces, a sharpened hard- 

 wood point twenty-four inches in length, thrust into thin stem of 

 grass tree about thirty-four inches in length, and this in turn is 

 fastened into a shaft of like material about six feet four inches in 

 length. It is thrown at game or other objects by means of the 

 wommera previously described. 



Figs. 11 and 12 are heads of basaltic rock. 



Fig. 13 is also of basaltic rock, but unlike the two former 

 implements appears to have been used without the usual wooden 

 handle, and is probably a chisel. 



Fig. 14 is a whet stone used for sharpening the points of the 

 shell fish hooks, and is of hard eruptive rock. It is four and a 

 half inches in length, one and three-quarter inches in breadth at 

 one end, and tapers at the other end to a point, which has unfor- 

 tunately been broken off the specimen in my possession. It has 

 a uniform thickness of five-eighths of an inch. 



Fig. 15 represents a shield of mangrove wood. It is thirty 

 inches in length with a breadth of nine inches. The handle which 

 is a green twig of the mangrove is fastened by boring two holes 

 three inches apart in the centre of the shield, and inserting into 

 each hole an end of the twig, the fibres of which are then separated 

 on the face of the shield. This instrument is covered with pipe- 

 clay and adorned with three red stripes. 



1 See " Initiation Ceremonies of the Aborigines of Port Stephens, New 

 South Wales/'— Journ. Eoy. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. xxxiii., p. 121. 



