ANNUAL ADDRESS. XIX. 



six bushels an hour; but it was many months before it was 

 finished. After the completion of this windmill others followed 

 rapidly, both at Sydney and at Parramatta, as Governor Hunter 

 and his successors seemed to be much impressed with their 

 efficiency. Those who take an interest in the early pictures of 

 Sydney will remember that windmills are very prominent objects 

 in the views of the town. 



The site of the first windmill was on top of the hill at Charlotte 

 Place — a little to the south of where the Grosvenor Hotel now 

 stands — the ground is however now very much cut down from its 

 original height. The second one was erected somewhere between 

 the Observatory and the Fort-street School. After this the ridge 

 east of Macquarie-street was surmounted by windmills, and lastly 

 the Darlinghurst ridge, until in 1822 there were at least nine 

 windmills in the city. The author does not remember more than 

 three in the city, besides those on the Waverley road. Soon after 

 the last of these windmills disappeared, an interesting but very 

 imperfect account of them appeared in a daily paper, but their 

 full history remains to be written. 



Water Mills. — In May, 1823, Governor Brisbane granted six 

 hundred acres of land at Botany to Mr. Simeon Lord, who had 

 been an enterprising auctioneer and shipowner. This grant took 

 in the mouth of the Lachlan Swamp, where the waters discharged 

 into Botany Bay, and here Mr. Lord determined to erect a water 

 mill. He had no sooner received his grant in 1824 than he con- 

 structed a mill dam, and then put up a wheel, which worked a 

 fine and substantial brick and stone flour mill for very many years. 

 He built the first house at Botany on Ti-tree piles, in consequence 

 of the swampy nature of the ground. He also put up a tweed 

 factory, and erected cottages near it for his employees. The works 

 were continued until 1856, when the property was taken over in 

 connection with the new Sydney water supply. A new dam was 

 then built, and the mill-pond, when remodelled, became the supply 

 reservoir for the pumping engines. At this time Mr. Castella's 

 wool-wash, Mr. Darvell's tannery, and various other works estab- 



