132 J. H. CARDEW. 
coal bills and injured boilers, and hence the supply of good 
pure water to a large commercial community employing 
much machinery is one of the most important economic 
effects of sanitary services. Again pure water means to 
the railway engineer that engines can haul greater loads 
whilst the boilers do not require to be cleaned so often ; 
one instance may be mentioned in this State where in the 
case of the tramways at Broken Hill, it is well known that 
the water used in the motors was so impregnated with slime 
and mineral impurities that it was often difficult to get the 
motors to work. 
(g) Saving to the public in the consumption of soap, 
due to the softer quality of the water. 
In connection with this item it may be mentioned that 
London water contains 15 to 20 grains bicarbonate of lime 
to the gallon, which means that each days supply holds 182 
tons of soap destroying material, or 66,340 tons per annum: 
in Glasgow they calculate to have saved £40,000 a year 
since the supply was obtained from Lake Katrine. In 
Birmingham when the new supply is available, they expect 
to save £120,000 per annum, reckoning soap at the moder- 
ate price of 25d. per tbh., and doubtless there are many 
other instances which could be cited. 
Now if the calculation is revised so as to include the 
above we have in the case of Sydney : 
34,835 funerals at £7 sus veel > 
34,835 x 30=1,045,050 cases of sickness 
prvented at £2... bis Sse ED 2,090,100 
16,930 vigorous lives, industrial value £324 8,253,375 
(a) Increased value of house property assessed . 
at5/ on £40,000,000 = £2,000,000 at 5% 
interest=15 years £20,000 ... .. 1,500,000 
(b) Deterioration saved on merchandise 2% on a 
£1,000,000 x 15 years og stds 300,000 — . 
