E. F. PITTMAN AND T. W. E. DAVID. CXV. 
‘‘The mound springs, which are the natural indicators of 
artesian water beneath these plains, are found in many 
places near the outcrops of bed rock, between the junction 
of which and the Cretaceous rocks the water has, doubtless, 
found an easier egress. On the surface the water often 
forms accumulations of travertine limestone rising to 
heights of 40 or 50 feet, and showing in the distance across 
the level plains, where there is a group of springs like a 
low range of hills; the deposition of this limestone has, in 
many instances formed raised cups or basins, over the 
edges of which the water flows. The water of these springs 
contains soda, and is generally good drinking water; in 
some cases however, in the same group of springs, there is 
a great difference in the quality of the water, which in one 
spring may be drinkable, and in another, a few feet away, 
salt. As arule these spring waters are warm, and must 
have a considerable temperature beneath the surface.”’ 
(4) Details of New South Wales Artesian Area.—Deposits 
overlying the storage beds. The uppermost and newest of 
these are more or less loose incoherent deposits which may 
be classed as follows :— 
(i.) Flood loams and black soils. 
(ii.) Red soils. 
(iii.) Sandhills and claypans. 
(iv.) Mound springs or mud springs. 
(v.) Desert Sandstone. 
(vi.) Lower Cretaceous, (Rolling Downs Formation of 
Queensland) shales, marls and limestone. 
Flood loams and black soils.—These form the surface of 
the plains for a considerable distance along the course of 
the Darling River and its tributaries, and have been 
deposited from the waters of those rivers during flood time. 
They are composed of the material derived from the denu- 
dation of the various kinds of rocks traversed by these 
