J. W. BOULTBEE. CLXI. 
country the well has entered largely into the works of 
corporate bodies. No doubt the unrivalled facilities for 
taking out gravity canals from the numberless streams, 
and the ease with which appropriations of water from them 
are acquired in certain favoured localities, has had much 
to do so far in leaving this development to the individual 
in less favoured districts. In Honolulu, on the isiand of 
Oahu, enormous volumes of water are obtained from 
artesian wells for irrigation of the sugar plantations, and 
astounding success and results have been obtained upon 
the Ewa plantation. Some 275,000,000 gallons per diem, 
all derived from wells, pumping and flowing, are used for 
the irrigation of the plantations, the cost including canals 
etc., being about £13 per acre per annum. The yield, 
however, is enormous, as much as 11 tons of sugar being 
obtained from one acre of irrigated cane. Rice cultivation 
also is largely carried out. The average annual rainfali at 
Honolulu for the last sixteen years has been 28 inches: 
maximum 49 inches, minimum 13 inches. 
The height to which the water rose originally above the 
surface in these wells was 42 feet, but, owing to the 
enormous outflow, this has been reduced to 34 feet, so that 
depletion is evidently going on, but as the artesian area is 
limited, this, perhaps is only what might be expected, 
especially when one remembers that 100 wells on the small 
area of 59 square miles have an output of 275,000,000 gal- 
lons per diem. The duty of water in Honolulu is very high 
—1 cubic foot per second to 80 acres. The borings are not 
deep, few exceeding 500 feet, and the waters contain but 
a small quantity, from 13 to 14 grains per gallon of total 
solids. 
According to Professor Hill’s report on the occurrence 
of artesian water in Texas, there has been ho grander 
development of artesian wells than in the grand and black 
11—July 20, 1903, 
