22 HENRY DEANE. 



1. Centralisation of plants, increasing size of units and reducing 

 working expenses. 



2. Combination of traction with lighting in order to keep up 

 the load to a good average throughout the twenty-four hours. 



3. Three-phase primary generation at high tension (5,000 volts.) 

 with sub-stations where the pressure is reduced to any desired 

 extent, and the current distributed locally. This effects a great 

 economy in feeders, both leads and returns. It is adopted at the 

 Central London Railway, the new stations in New York and 

 Brooklyn and in Germany and Switzerland. "(I recommended 

 this," Mr. Elwell says, "for Sydney in 1895, and we are fairly cer- 

 tain to adopt it when any extensions to the station are made, but 

 the low tension system is the most economical as far as it goes, 

 i.e., with the four units now on order.)" 



4. Three-phase traction on railways is fairly started on several 

 small lines in Switzerland (Lugano, Gorner Grat, etc.) It offers 

 the best solution for successful operation of suburban railways 

 and any lines where the traffic is fairly continuous, and it is being 

 watched with great interest. 



5. Accumulators and boosters for both traction and lighting 

 are largely increasing especially in America, but Manchester in 

 England has one of the largest batteries. 



6. Municipal ownership. — A strong tendency is now shown in 

 municipalities to buy up lighting and tramways from private 

 owners and converting the latter to electric traction, (vide Liver- 

 pool, Manchester, Leeds, Hull, Glasgow, London, Bristol, etc ). 



7. Electric motors for auxiliary purposes in power stations are 

 rapidly increasing for cranes, pumps, fans, conveyances, etc., in 

 place of small steam engines — with a saving in steam and attendance. 



Mr. Elwell adds : " I have not touched upon telegraphy or 

 telephones, but, as regards the latter, the necessity of complete 

 metallic systems in any large exchange has been demonstrated at 

 Glasgow (there are no electric trams there yet) by the recent 

 Government inquiry." 



