AUSTKALIAN DIVISIONAL SYSTEMS. 71 



into four classes, called Parroola, Panungka, Booltara and Koo- 

 murra. He gave the rules of intermarriage established in relation 

 to these four divisions, with the names to which the offspring 

 belonged, which may be briefly summarised as follows : 

 Husband Wife Offspring 



Paroola Panungka Koomurra 



Panungka Parroola Booltara 



Booltara Koomurra Panungka 



Koomurra Booltara Parroola 



In 1878, Mr. J. D. Woods 1 confirmed the observations of Mr. 

 0. Giles in regard to the divisions of the tribes from the Peake to 

 Charlotte Waters and Alice Springs, his spelling of the four names 

 being as follows : Parula, Pooninga, Pultara and Coomara. He 

 says the children of either sex always take their mother's family 

 name. Mr. E. M. Curr mentions the same names in 1886. 2 In 

 the same year they were referred to by Mr. F. E. H. W. Krichauff, 3 

 and in 1887 Mr. D. Lindsay also mentions having observed them. 4 

 Mr. W. H. Willshire reported these four classes at Alice Springs 

 in 1891, 5 and again in 1895. 6 



The Rev. Louis Schulze, a missionary at Hermannsburgh, on 

 the Finke River, discovered that each of the four classes which 

 had been reported by previous writers, had a fellow or comple- 

 mentary class, if I may so term it, attached to it, thus making 

 four pairs of classes, or eight divisions in all. The names of the 

 additional classes he found to be Pungata, Mbutjana, Knurraia 

 and Ngala.' Mr. Schulze also observed that a man had the 

 privilege of choosing his wife from either of two prescribed divis- 

 ions. A Bultara man, for example, could marry either a Koomara 

 or Mbutjana woman. 8 



1 Trans. Philos. Soc., S. Australia, n., 85-86. 



2 Australian Bace, i., 417. 



3 Proc. Boy. Geog. Soc. Aust., S. A. Branch, n., 33. 



4 Ibid., ii., 3rd Session, p. 4. 



5 The Aborigines of Central Australia, (Adelaide, 1891) p. 13. 



6 Journ. Anthrop. Inst., xxiv., 183. 



7 In 1897, Professor Spencer and Mr. Gillen confirmed the existence of 

 the four additional divisions. — Proc. Roy. Soc, Victoria, x., N.S., 19. 



8 Trans. Eoy. Soc. S. Australia, xiv., 223 - 227. 



