136 H. C. RUSSELL. 



be seen through it down to the water, that it was a phase of 

 decreasing energy is shown by the fact that it ceased to be a 

 complete spout a few minutes afterwards No. 4. Again Captain 

 Taplin's coil water-spout is very remarkable {Plate 8). The spout, 

 although elongated to an unusual length and swaying about in the 

 wind, maintained its vitality until the snake-like form swung into 

 a complete coil and brought about its own destruction, by making 

 its vital force of rotation meet from opposite directions at the point 

 where the coil was completed, and the forces being equal and 

 opposite destroyed itself. 



Still another phase is shewn in Mr. Francis' water-spout of 

 June 6th, {Plate 5), where the spout comes from the cloud to the 

 water without a sympathetic cone below, and another on the same 

 day, a long tapering cone, which appeared without a corresponding 

 disturbance below. The distance, fifteen miles, may have hidden 

 a cone below, but it is noteworthy that the second one on the 

 same day and only three miles distant, shews no cone below, 

 although seen at 2*10 p.m. when light was abundant. 



Still another phase is seen in one of the water-spouts on March 

 21st {Plate 3), which was painted by Mr. Louis Frank, an artist 

 well known for his accuracy in delineating natural features. Its 

 character is something like those {Plate 3) of June 6, 1894, in that 

 it is a cone from cloud to water, but its width, judged by what we 

 ordinarily see in water-spouts is altogether out of proportion to 

 the length, but something like it was seen by Mr. Surveyor 

 Campbell on Sept. 9, 1894 over the land, (see appendix) and Mr. 

 Louis Frank saw the Coogee water-spout coming over the land 

 before it got into Coogee Bay. On shore such a cloud of revolution 

 would be called a "tornado," and this particular one is very like 

 the well known American one as pictured in books. Water-spouts 

 have been seen to come on shore and gather up sand instead of 

 water, and the Coogee water-spout is a tornado gone to sea. We 

 have here then the extremes in water-spout lengths, Eden affording 

 the maximum, a mile long, and Coogee the minimum of one 

 hundred feet. 



