XX. T. H. HOUGHTON. 



there is no need for any portion of the animal except that present 

 as water to be wasted, the good meat is frozen and exported, 

 tallow is of course obtained from other portions, and what was a 

 few years ago considered as a nuisance and a source of expense to 

 get rid of, viz., the blood, offal, and the liquid resulting from 

 the operation of making tallow, have now been turned to profit- 

 able uses. 



There is yet another waste of which I may say something, and 

 this is the waste of skilled and unskilled labour. So far as can 

 now be seen it appears probable that work of all sorts will be 

 done here more on the American than on the European system, 

 that is to say, by the employment of intelligent men at good 

 rates of pay, and it will be well, therefore, to avoid as far as 

 possible, the adoption of English trade practices quite unsuited 

 to the system under which our factories will be run. 



The recent Engineers' strike in England, which was virtually 

 a strike for and a lock-out against the perpetuation of a waste of 

 skilled labour, will serve as an example of the extreme cost and 

 difficulty of effecting changes in wasteful methods of work, and 

 how impossible it will be for us, with dear labour and short 

 hours, to produce engineering work at a reasonable cost, if we 

 keep a skilled mechanic looking at an automatic tool, or refuse 

 to permit another, who can attend to two lathes without 

 difficulty, to attend to more than one, even when he is anxious 

 to take the two for a small allowance on the wages he is 

 receiving. 



The waste of life through bad or insufficient water supply or 

 bad drainage is one of those preventible wastes which it is the 

 duty of all Governments to do their utmost to reduce to the 

 smallest limits. What the value of a man's life is to the State in 

 money I am unable to say, but it must be great, and when the 

 cost of carrying out necessary sanitary works are considered by 

 Councils and local authorities, it is to be feared that very little 

 regard is paid to that aspect of the case. 



