H. R. CARLETON. XCVII. 



(Trial Bay), and South Solitary Island. Five of these are re- 

 volving, and one fixed and flashing. There is one second order 

 dioptric fixed, seven fourth order dioptric fixed, and six catoptric, 

 two of which are revolving and four fixed. A table of these is 

 appended and their position on the coast is shown in the accom- 

 panying map. 



The distance in nautical miles from Green Cape to Montagu 

 Island is 62 miles, from Montagu Island to Jervis Bay 73, from 

 Jervis Bay to Macquarie Lighthouse 82, Macquarie to Seal 

 Rocks 107, Seal Rocks to Smoky Cape 100, Smoky Cape to South 

 Solitary Island 39. The average distance between these six main 

 coast lights is therefore 77 miles. The distance from South 

 Solitary Island lighthouse to Cape Byron, the most eastern point 

 of Australia, is 99 miles, which points to the necessity of estab- 

 lishing a first-class light at Cape Byron. 



There is so much that is similar in many of these twenty light- 

 houses that the author fears reading a description of each would 

 tax the patience of members of the Section bevond reasonable 

 endurance. He has therefore placed the particulars of all the 

 lights in tabular form in their order from South to North, and 

 believes this arrangement will prove more convenient for those 

 members who may desire information concerning the lighthouses, 

 quarters, etc. (Appendix II.) 



Means of Illumination. 



The cylindrical- wick lamp in its various forms is the usual mode 

 of lighting employed in lighthouses, gas and electricity being also 

 used. For small lights and the lamps of parabolic reflectors, the 

 burner is about an inch in diameter, but for the more powerful 

 lights the burner consists of a series of concentric wicks, two or 

 more in number, with intervening air spaces, and the largest 

 burners have concentric wicks up to ten in number. In the 

 larger lamps the light can thus be adjusted to suit the weather by 

 lighting or extinguishing one or more of the rings. The burners 

 in general use are five and six wick. The outer diameter of a 

 six-wick burner is 4f"; of a seven-wick 5J". The height of the 



