Die Euphrasia-Arten Norwegens. al 
continuous distribution, occurring both at higher and at lower 
levels, in the latter case usually on lime-stone and with 
distinctly xerophile characters. May be a relict from the 
»Ra“-age, having survived the suppositious lesser marked 
glacial epoch, the Portlandia-age. Otherwise only known 
’ from Gothland, Western Ireland and the higher mountains 
of Central and Southern Europe. 
E. minima Jacq. apud Schleich. Common at higher levels, 
in the northern half of the country, also in Western Nor- 
way not seldom, descending to the sea level. Very variable; 
passes without any perceptible limit into the following species. 
The Norwegian plant is the forma pallida Gremli, Chabert, 
and rather different from the usual form of Central and 
South Europe, for instance never yellow-flowered. In bogs 
a slender form is common, which in many cases approaches 
very near to FE. scotica. Is very probably also an old 
species in Norway, likely to have immigrated from the south 
and east at any rate before the climate after the ice-age had 
become essentially milder. Its continuous distribution in al- 
pine localities is likely to be due to the geological epoch 
immediately anterior, the ,subatlantic* age of Blytt (and 
Sernander) with its suppositious rough climate. 
E. latifolia (Pursh) Wettst. Common in the northern half 
of the country, from sea-level to the greatest altitudes, an- 
swering, however, best to Wettstein’s description of the 
type when growing at lower levels. Its continuous northern 
distribution reaches southwards towards the Trondhjems- 
fjord; besides, a plant, which at any rate is closely allied to 
E. latifolia, occurs here and there at a great altitude in the 
higher mountains of Southern Norway. In Western Norway 
a mostly robust form of E. minima, v. pilosa (Haglund), 
occurs and this may be a form of E. latifolia. | 
After having examined a large quantity, both of living 
and of preserved specimens, I feel sure that E. latifolia and 
(our) E. minima pass into eachother, though certain of the 
numerous forms of both species may be very different from 
each other. On the whole, the northern plant with a quite 
continuous distribution in the northern part of our country, 
has a somewhat different appearance than E. minima from 
the mountains of Central Norway, which perhaps may be 
21 
