( M ) 



IV. — The Temperatures, Specific Gravities, and Salinities of the Weddell Sea and 

 of the North and South Atlantic Ocean. By William S. Bruce, LL.D., 

 Andrew King, F.I.C., and David W. Wilton. 



(MS. received March 15, 1915. Read May 3, 1915. Issued separately November 29, 1915.) 



Introduction by W. S. Bruce, LL.D. 



After my return from my first voyage, namely, the Scottish Antarctic Expedition 

 of 1892-93, for which I was chosen as naturalist, I had the advantage of coming 

 closely in touch with Mr J. Y. Buchanan, who then trained me in his Edinburgh 

 laboratory in the use of his hydrometer. During the past twenty years I have 

 been in constant touch with him regarding problems relating to the physics of the 

 ocean. As a consequence, before my departure for a voyage to, and wintering in, 

 Franz Josef Land during 1896-97, I was well trained in the use of his hydrometer, 

 and obtained during that expedition observations of considerable interest. I also 

 carried out all the hydrometer work on board the Prince of Monaco's yacht Princess 

 Alice during his Arctic voyage of 1898, under the direction of Mr J. Y. Buchanan, 

 who was also on board during that cruise, and also during the Prince of Monaco's 

 second Arctic cruise during 1899, when I was solely responsible for that work. 

 Consequently, I was thoroughly familiar with hydrometer work when I set sail 

 in the Scotia. 



To meet modern criticism, it may be well to state that I was well trained 

 in physics and chemistry under Williamson, Crum Brown, and Tait, and that 

 up to the time of my departure to Franz Josef Land I was for nearly two years 

 on the summit of Ben Nevis. 



On the voyage of the Balxna to Antarctic seas in 1892-93, I only used the usual 

 hydrometer supplied by the British Meteorological Office ; but prior to my departure 

 I had received special instructions from the late Mr Robert Irvine of Royston and 

 Dr H. R. Mill in methods for collecting samples of sea water and taking sea 

 temperatures. I had also reduced most of the physical observations of the Scottish 

 Fishery Board for a period of ten years. 



Methods and Instruments. By W. S. Bruce, LL.D., and 

 Andrew King, F.I.C. 



It was Mr D. W. Wilton who carried out all the hydrometer work in the deck 

 laboratory of the Scotia, which was well fitted for the purpose. 



Mr Wilton had been a student of chemistry and physics in the University of 

 Edinburgh, and had passed his theoretical and practical examinations — both class and 



TRANS. ROY. SOC. EDIN., VOL. LI, PART I (NO. 4). 12 



