181 PRINCIPAL SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



taller beaker form were found. In a number the presence of urns is not recorded. 

 It has been noted that the beaker urn especially prevailed in the cists exposed in 

 the north-east of Scotland, though not exclusively in Aberdeen and Banff. 



Occasional examples of a small urn, known as an " incense cup," have been found 

 in Scotland in cinerary urns. They are from 2 to 3 inches high and about 3 inches 

 wide. Archaeologists have associated them with the burning of incense, which 

 assumes that the bronze-age people possessed fragrant gums and resins. One 

 discovered in 1857 at North Queensferry, about the size of a teacup, contained 

 calcined human bones ; another obtained by Dr James Macdonald of Ayr was 

 occupied by the bone ashes of a child of five or six years. Presumably they were 

 cinerary urns for the reception of the ashes of infants and young children. 



Objects of bronze, usually thin blades or pins, were obtained in connection 

 with 37 of these intermeuts, some in short cists, others mingled with ashes in 

 cinerary urns. Flint, in the form of arrow-heads and flakes and implements of 

 stone, horn and bone, were found in 45 burials, mostly in short cists. Ornaments, 

 usually of jet, with occasionally beads of amber or vitreous paste, were obtained in 

 16 burials. Eleven objects of gold, as armlets and rings, were collected from 

 cinerary urns and short cists. 



An interesting description of a Cemetery of cinerary urns, eight in number, 

 was given in 1866 by Mr Andrew Jervise ; they were exposed at West- 

 wood, Newport, Fife, arranged in a circle around a central urn.* They were 

 inverted and contained incinerated bones, whilst each of two of the larger urns 

 had a smaller urn inserted in it. On the adjoining property of Tay field a group 

 of three urns was exposed in 1882. 



One of the largest bronze-age cemeteries was discovered at Law Park, near 

 St Andrews, in 1859. f About twenty cinerary urns were obtained, and two bronze 

 blades were found amongst the burnt bones. At Alloa twenty-two cinerary 

 urns were also found, and among the group was a short cist which contained an 

 unburnt skeleton with two penannular gold armlets. 



In the low ground on the banks of the Esk between Inveresk and Musselburgh 

 numerous bronze-age interments have been exposed. The Eev. George Lowe, B.D.' 

 described + a sandpit in the Kirk Park, below Inveresk Church, as yielding nineteen 

 cinerary urns, one of which, in addition to calcined bones, contained a piece of flint 

 resembling an arrow-head : in two the bones were stained green as if from contact 

 with bronze. The urns were described and figured by Dr J. Anderson. Subsequently 

 Professor Arthur ThOxMSOn exposed in the same pit an urn which had been protected 

 by stones placed around it, but not forming a built cist. The urn was 10 inches 



* Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot, vol. vi, p. 388, 1868 ; idem, vol. xvii, p. 272, 1883. 



t Joseph Anderson, Scotland in Pagan Time*, p. 36, " Alloa," p. 62, 1886 ; Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot., vol. x. D. Hay 

 FLEMING, LL.D., has described, P. S. Antiq. S., vol. xli, 1907, the cinerary urns of 1859, also two additional short 

 cists in Law Park, St Andrews, which contained fragments of two beaker urns and a jet necklace. 



1 Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot., vol. xxviii, 189-1. 



