THE CRANIOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE OF SCOTLAND. 185 



high, 9 inches broad at the mouth, and 4f at the foot. It was ornamented by two 

 groups of incised horizontal lines separated by a zigzag pattern, the lower group 

 being on a raised collar (fig. 8), and it bore some resemblance to fig. 3 of those found 

 by Mr Lowe. The urn contained calcined bones and bits of charcoal. Mr Lowe 

 referred to stone coffins having also been found in the Kirk Park. I have been 

 told that they were short cists formed of slabs of sandstone, each with a large 

 cover, about 4 feet in length. They contained human skeletons. 



At Belfield, on the opposite bank of the Esk, five 3hort cists imbedded in 

 sand were exposed in 1896, during building operations. I measured them along 

 with my assistant Mr James Simpson. One was 4 feet 4 inches long internally, 

 2 feet 1 inch broad at one end, 1| foot at the other; its covering slab was 5 feet 

 8 inches long, 2 feet 6 inches broad, and 7 inches thick. The smallest cist was 

 2 feet 5 inches long, 1 foot 6 inches broad ; its covering slab was 2 feet 1 1 inches long, 

 2 feet broad, and 5 inches thick. One cover was waterworn and marked by circular 

 depressions like those on the cover of the cist found in Leith (p. 187). The largest 

 cist contained a skeleton in the bent position, the head of which was in the narrow 

 end of the cist, whilst a bowl-shaped food urn, 4£ inches high, 5f inches across 

 the mouth ,* occupied the broader end (fig. 10). The smallest cist contained the 

 broken skeleton of a child. In a third, the workmen exposed calcined bones, 

 specimens of which I saw ; the fourth had a human skull with fragments of 

 other bones ; in the fifth, in addition to parts of a skeleton, were a hammer of 

 smooth stone ; two pieces of flint, one, arrow-pointed, smooth on one side, chipped 

 on the other, was T7 inch long and '8 of an inch at the widest part a little in front 

 of the convex hinder border (fig. 16) ; the other flint was smaller -and without 

 definite shape. At the Kirk Park patches of black earth containing charcoal 

 were found situated external to the cinerary urns, which indicated cremated 

 burials not contained in urns. There can be no question that the Kirk Park 

 and Belfield interments in cinerary urns and short cists were a cemetery formed 

 by people by whom both modes of burial were practised, and that, apparently, 

 cotemporaneously. Without doubt they were a community of fishermen who pur- 

 sued their avocation, as at the present day, in the waters of the adjacent Firth. 



Recently Mr M'Lellan Mann has called attention f to a cremation cemetery cairn 

 of sixteen urns at Stevenston, Ayrshire. They contained calcined bones, and in one 

 traces of thin gold-leaf and bead-like objects of vitreous paste were found.! 



I do not propose to consider in detail the archaeological features of the bronze- 

 age burials recorded in the important works specified on p. 173 and in the forty- 

 eight volumes of the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 

 But as my notebook contains an account of several interments not previously 



* Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot, vol. xxxii, 1898. t Idem, vol. xl, 1906. Also, vol. xxxix, 1905, at Langside, Glasgow. 

 ! The Report on Historical Monuments, Berwick, notifies a group of six cinerary urns at Coldingham and twelve 

 short cists at Ayton. 



