192 PRINCIPAL SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON . 



circumference at the lip, and 3 inches at the foot. It was of dark brown pottery, 

 marked with rings of herring-bone ornament. No other grave goods were observed. 



Salen, Loch Sunart, Argyllshire. — In 1897 Mr J. Fraser of the Ordnance Survey 

 wrote and told me that he had exposed in a cairn of loose stones a cavity, about 3£ 

 feet long, 2 feet broad, and about 2| feet deep, the walls of which were formed like 

 those of the short cists which I had described in my lecture " On Early Man in 

 Scotland." He noted that the cover consisted of a large flat stone, on the top of 

 which a much smaller slab had been laid. Imperfect remains of a bent skeleton 

 were seen in the cist, but no weapons or other relics. 



Craniology. Tables II, III, IV, V. 



It is to Sir Daniel Wilson that we owe the definite recognition of the presence 

 in Scotland of a prehistoric race having the brachycephalic type of skull, which he 

 regarded as belonging to a race later in time than the primitive dolichocephalic or 

 kumbecephalic people. One example which he gave as characteristic was obtained, 

 along with urns, in a cist exposed during the demolition, in 1833, of the Old Town 

 Steeple of Montrose. He figured the skull and described it * as square and compact 

 in form, broad and short, well balanced, and with a good frontal development. The 

 leagth was 180 mm., the parietal breadth 157 mm., and the cephalic index was 87*2. 

 Another characteristic example was a skull found in a cist under a tumulus at 

 Raiho ; alongside it stood a small rude clay urn, which contained several bronze 

 rings, so that its association with the bronze age was established. This skull was 

 177 mm. long, 153 mm. broad, and the cephalic index was 86*4. Wilson also 

 referred to three skulls discovered near Cockenzie, East Lothian, in a group of rude 

 cists of " primitive circumscribed dimensions." Two are preserved in the National 

 Museum of Antiquities, and he figured another as a characteristic example. Of these 

 three skulls, two are undoubtedly dolichocephalic, whilst the cephalic index of the 

 third, 78, placed it high in the mesaticephalic group. As the cists in which they 

 were got were doubtless short cists, I have included two, which I have measured, in 

 my list (Table V) from short cists, and not along with the neolithic (kumbecephalic) 

 skulls (Table I), with which Wilson, owing to the dolichocephalic form and propor- 

 tions of two specimens, had associated them. He considered that the kumbecephalic 

 and brachycephalic skulls belonged to the early native races of Scotland, which pre- 

 ceded the intrusion of the Celts into Britain. Although he noted several skulls from 

 Argyllshire and the Hebrides as affording a fair average criterion of the Celtic type, 

 he does not definitely specify their characters, except that the parietal and vertical 

 diameters of the cranium were nearly equal, whilst in the brachycephalic the parietal 

 is greater than the vertical and in the kumbecephalic the opposite is the case. 



Drs Davis and Thurnam described and figured in their Crania Britannica four 



* Archeology and Pirltistoric Annals of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1851, p. 170. 



