THE CRANIOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE OF SCOTLAND. 



193 



skulls from short cists in Scotland. In one of four short cists at Lesmurdie, Banff, 

 in 1851, a bent skeleton, a drinking-cup (beaker) urn, and some flints were found. 

 The skull, that of an adult male, was broad, with the parieto-occipital region flattened, 

 and a cephalic index of 86, The vertex was flattened, glabella and supraciliary ridges 

 distinct, nose long and narrow, orbit rounded, lower jaw massive. A second male 

 was obtained in the same year at Juniper Green, Edinburgh, in a similar interment ; 

 the skull had the cephalic index 83 "6. In one of three short cists exposed near 

 Kinaldie, Aberdeenshire, in 1855, a bent skeleton and an urn of the beaker or drinking- 

 cup type was seen ; the cranium was steep behind and the vertex flattened, but owing 

 to one side being injured the breadth and cephalic index could not be taken. A 

 short cist in a barrow at Newbigging, in Pomona, Orkney, contained two skeletons 

 and a heap of burnt bones. One of the skulls, 7*1 inches (180 mm.) long and 5*7 

 inches (145 mm.) broad, gave a cephalic index 80'6. Three of these skulls from 

 bronze-age interments were markedly brachycephalic. 



Duns. — In 1863 I examined* a cranium, from the short cist near Duns (p. 190), 

 6*5 inches (165 mm.) long and 5 - 4 inches (137 mm.) broad, cephalic index 83, in 



Fig. 18.— Duns. 



which the vertex was flattened, the parieto-occipital region truncated, and the fore- 

 head well developed. I pointed out that, like the skulls described by Sir Daniel 

 Wilson and Barnard Davis, it was distinctly brachycephalic (fig. 18). 



Fyrish, Ross-shire.— I described, in 1865, a brachycephalic skull from Fyrish,f 

 obtained in a short cist (p. 191). It was from a male in the decline of life. The 

 cranial vault was moderately ar'ched, the post-parietal region was flattened ; but as 

 the occipital squama was somewhat bulging, the back of the skull was not truncated. 

 The glabella and supraciliaries projected ; the nasion was depressed, the nasal bridge 

 projected, the bones were narrow, the nasal index was leptorhine, 44 % the upper 

 orbital border was thick, and the index was mesoseme, 87"2 ; the upper jaw was 

 orthognathous. The cephalic index was 82*3, the vertical index 71. The crania] 

 breadth was much greater than the height. The cranial capacity was 1555 c.c. 



* Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot., vol. v, p. 279, 1865. t Idem, vol. vi, pp. 233, 266, 1868. 



