196 PRINCIPAL SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



Windy Mains, Humbie, E. Lothian. — Mr Robert Forman described* in 1857 

 two short cists in a mound of sand. Each contained a drinking-cup (beaker) 

 urn, and in one was a male skeleton advanced in years. The skull was imperfect, 

 but the parieto-occipital slope was abrupt, the nasion was depressed, and the 

 nasal bones projected. I measured the length of the cranium, which was 173 mm., 

 the basi-bregmatic height was 138 mm., and the vertical index 79'8. The breadth 

 could not be taken. The orbital index was 80*5. The total longitudinal arc was 

 349 mm., and the basi-nasal length 106 mm. 



Silver Moor, Carstairs. — A short cist was exposed in 1847 which contained an 

 adult male skeleton, the imperfect skull of which is in the National Museum of 

 Antiquities (E.T. 13). Dr Rankine, who presented it, noted special flattening and 

 backward elongation of the occipital condyls. j The face was wanting and the 

 right parieto-squamous region was imperfect. The cranium was 176 mm. long and 

 134 mm. in basi-bregmatic height, the vertical index was 76*1, the parieto-squamous 

 breadth could not be taken, but as the minimum frontal was 106 mm. broad and 

 the asterionic 118 mm., it is not unlikely that the proportion of greatest breadth 

 to length would have placed it in the brachycephalic group. The supraciliaries 

 were moderate. 



Arran. — In this island short cists have been found in several localities. In 1861 

 Dr James Bryce explored \ a group of short cists within a stone circle at Tormore, 

 Mauchrie, in which bowl-shaped urns and flint arrow-heads were found, along with 

 a bronze pin. From one cist a skull was obtained which was measured by Professor 

 Allen Thomson. Though imperfect, its length was given as 7 inches (175 mm.) and its 

 parietal breadth as 5*7 inches (143 mm.), which would give a cephalic index 81 "4, i.e. 

 brachycephalic. At Knochan Kelly a short cist was opened by Dr J. Jamieson,§ which 

 contained a bowl-shaped urn and the skeleton of a youth aged about ten. Though the 

 skull was injured, Professor Cleland regarded it as brachycephalous, like those of the 

 short barrows ; he gave the greatest length as 6'6 inches (168 mm.) and the parieto- 

 squamous breadth as 6*25 inches (159 mm.), which would give 94*6 as the cephalic 

 index: the vertical height was 5 inches (127 mm.) and the corresponding index 75'6. 



Professor T. H. Bryce has investigated a number of short cists in Arran which 

 were lodged under cairns. He described the characters of the cists, of urns of the 

 bowl or food-vessel type, the presence in some cists of flakes of flint, and in one 

 of a bronze dagger and a fillet of gold. The human remains unfortunately were so 

 much injured that they could not be precisely described. He referred, however 

 to the Tormore skull quoted above, figuring the norma verticalis, and to the skull 

 obtained at Knochan Kelly, both of whicli were brachycephalic. 



* Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iii, p. 50, 1862. Skull in National Museum of Antiquities. 



t Idem, vol. xi, p. 464, 1876. The skull which 1 measured is preserved in the National Museum of Antiquities. 

 | Idem, vol. iv, p. 499, 1863. 



S Idem, vol. xx, p. 170, 1886. See also Professor T. H. Bryce, " Cairns of Arran," Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xxxvi, 

 p. 74, 1902. 



