THE CRANIOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE OF SCOTLAND. 199 



cist which contained a beaker urn, Professor Bryce described and figured a male 

 skull. It was hyperbrachycephalic, cephalic index 85*8 ; the parietooccipital region 

 was flattened; the vertex was flattened and the vertical index was 78 '2, platy- 

 chamcecephalic, wide and low; the face was chamaeprosopic, 76'7, broad and low; 

 the upper jaw was orthognathous, 90 ; the nasal index was wide, 52, high in the 

 mesorhine group ; the orbital index, 86'5, was mesoseme ; the palato- maxillary 

 index, 114, was mesuranic. The capacity of the cranium was 1425 c.c. 



North-East of Scotland. — Important researches into short cists and their contents 

 in this part of Scotland have been conducted during several years by Professor 

 R. W. Reid and Dr Alexr. Low, of the University of Aberdeen, and interesting 

 series of objects from the cists have been arranged in the Anthropological Museum 

 in Marischal College of that University. Dr Low has described the cists, the 

 beaker urns, and other contents, and has given in the Proceedings* 1902-04, a 

 comprehensive table of the measurements of ten skulls, and in subsequent parts, 

 1904-08, those of additional specimens from Whitestone, Blackhill, and Leslie. 



In this series of thirteen skulls, eleven males and two females, from short cists, 

 twelve had the cephalic index 80 and upwards, and of these eight were hyper- 

 brachycephalic. In one only, a female, the index was 78*5. The vertical index 

 was less than the cephalic. In the specimens in which the face was measured the 

 complete index was low, chamseprosopic in five, mesoprosopic in two ; in nine 

 specimens the jaw* was orthognathic, in one mesognathic ; the nasal index in one 

 was platyrhine, in three leptorhine, in eight mesorhine ; the orbital indices were 

 low, microseme. The cranial capacity in seven males ranged from 1350 to 1580 c.c, 

 with the mean 1458 c.c. ; in one female it was 1460 c.c. (Table IV). 



Ardachy, Bunessan, Mull. — Sir Arthur Mitchell recorded f the exposure, in 

 1892, of four short cists, three of which contained bent skeletons. A food-bowl 

 urn was found in each of two of the cists. At the request of Sir Arthur I examined 

 and measured three skulls which had been preserved. They were from young- 

 persons from ten to eighteen years, were probably females, and were so well 

 preserved that both cranial and facial measurements were given in the table accom- 

 panying his original memoir. The skulls were well formed, and varied in the 

 proportional length and breadth of the cranium. B was brachycephalic, cephalic 

 index 81 '9; A was mesaticephalic, index 78'6, approximating therefore to brachy- 

 cephalic; C, again, with index 75'9, approached the dolichocephalic, and its outline 

 was a longish oval approaching the pentagonal form. In each skull the height 

 was less than the breadth, and the glabella and supraciliary ridges were not 

 prominent : the forehead was almost vertical, and the frontal and parietal eminences 

 projected. The nasal index was mesorhine ; the orbits in C were low, microseme ; 



* Proc. Anatomical and Anthropological Soc. of University of Aberdeen, 1902-04, 1906-08 ; also Appendix by 

 Dr Low to Professor Bryce's Memoir in Proc. Soc. Antia. Scot., 8th May 1905, vol. xxxix ; Illustrated Catalogue, 

 Aberdeen, 1912. 



t Proc. Soc. Antia. Scot., vol. xxxi, p. 115, 1897. 



