206 PRINCIPAL SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



Bridgeness, W. Lothian. — The skull was that of a man ; the sutures of the 

 vault were almost obliterated, and the teeth, though much worn, were not decayed. 

 The cranium was elongated, the vertex, moderately arched from before backwards, 

 sloped gently to the parietal eminences, the side walls were vertical, the parieto- 

 occipital slope was moderately steep. The glabella, supraciliaries, and ectorbitals 

 strongly projected and contributed to the length of the cranium, 185 mm., whilst 

 the ophryo-occipital length was only 180 mm. The greatest breadth was approxi- 

 mately 139 mm. ; the cephalic index was 75'1, or meso-dolichocephalic. The strong 

 supraciliaries, glabella, and ectorbitals made a ledge-like, projection above the orbits, 

 and gave character to the fronto-facial region, which must have had during life 

 beetling eyebrows (figs. 23, 24). The nasion was somewhat depressed ; the interzygo- 

 matic breadth was 133 mm., the nasio-mental length 120 mm., the complete facial 

 index was 90 "2, high-faced, leptoprosopic. The orbital width was greater than the 

 height, the index was low, microseme (Table V). The lower jaw was massive, angle 

 well marked, and the square chin projected forward. 



Cavers, Roxburghshire. — The skull a male, teeth perfect, basi-cranial joint not 

 fully ossified. It had been broken during the opening of the cist, but I was able to 

 repair it so as to make some measurements and ascertain its form, which was broadly 

 ovoid, the breadth being marked both in the frontal and parietal regions, while the 

 breadth at the parietal eminences corresponded with that at the squamous sutures, 

 145 mm. (fig. 28). The vertex was somewhat flattened, the occipital squama was 

 flattened, but the post-parietal slope was not abrupt ; the inion and curved lines 

 were distinct. The length of the cranium was 18 mm., the basi-bregmatic height 

 131 mm., the cephalic index 80, the vertical index 72*3 ; the skull was character- 

 istically brachycephalic. The forehead was almost vertical and the supraciliary 

 ridges were well marked. The border of the lower jaw was thick and the chin pro- 

 jected forward distinctly (Table II). 



The femora were also examined ; the upper epiphyses were fused with the shaft, 

 but the condylar epiphysis was not so. A third trochanter was present, which was 

 separated by a vertical groove from a well-defined infratrochanteric ridge. The front 

 of the upper third of the shaft was convex and not platymeric. The linea aspera 

 was moderate and the popliteal surface somewhat concave. The inner condylar 

 articular surface was prolonged upwards on the back of the femur. The tibial shaft 

 was imperfect. 



Thriepland Farm, Elgin. — The cist contaiued the bent skeleton of a man in the 

 prime of life. The skull had rested on its right side, which was softened and broken. 

 In its outline the cranium closely corresponded with the skull A from the Leith cist. 

 Its length was 180 mm., the basi-bregmatic height was 128 mm., and the vertical 

 index was 71 "1 ; the parieto-squamous breadth and cephalic index could not be taken. 

 The frontal was metopic and the minimum frontal diameter was 104 mm. ; glabella 

 and supraciliaries were strong, upper orbital border thick ; the frontal was flattened 



