THE CRANIOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE OF SCOTLAND. 207 



above its external process, and the adjoining temporal ridge was strong ; the orbits 

 were moderately high; mesoseme index 87'5. The incisive region of the upper jaw, 

 though injured, was sufficient to show that it was not prognathic. The nasal region 

 high and narrow, index 47"1, leptorhine. Lower jaw well formed, distinct angle, well- 

 formed protruding chin. Hyoids ossified and fused with temporals (Table II). 



Roseisle, Elgin. — In a cairn on the hill short stone cists were exposed in 1860 

 in which human bones, an urn, and jet beads with an ornament were found. One 

 cist was said to be 2 feet 10 inches long by 18 or 20 inches broad and 18 inches deep ; 

 another, 4 feet 2 inches long by 3 feet deep* 



I examined an adult female skull from one of these cists ; the cranium was almost 

 complete and the- bones were abraded ; parietal eminences distinct ; sagittal region 

 not ridged ; parieto-occipital slope moderate ; occipital squama not flattened ; glabella 

 and supraciliaries feeble; face much injured; lower jaw feeble, angle oblique; teeth 

 a little worn ; the length, 164 mm., gave with the breadth, 135 mm., a cephalic index 

 82 - 3, and with the height, 123 mm., a vertical index 75 (Table II). A child's skull 

 was also obtained. It was much deformed, apparently by softening and super- 

 incumbent pressure, so that its normal characters were obscured. The right femur 

 of the adult had a degree of flattening, platymery, in the upper third of the shaft. 



In Tables II to V measurements are recorded of forty-nine skulls found in 

 short cists in Scotland. Many were imperfect, and their dimensions were incom- 

 plete. With four exceptions the skulls were those of adults. An attempt has 

 been made to distinguish as far as possible the sex : thirty-seven are presumably 

 males, twelve females. The majority are contained in the Anatomical Museum 

 of the University, and in the National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh ; but 

 to give a wider field for comparison I have incorporated in the tables Dr Alexr. 

 Low's measurements of the specimens in the Museum of Marischal College, Aber- 

 deen, those examined by Professor Bryce of Glasgow, and the older examples in the 

 Crania Britannica and Sir D. Wilson's Archeology of Scotland. 



In general dimensions, proportions and form the skulls from the short cists had 

 the following characters: — Forty-seven crania varied in maximum length: one was 

 190 mm. ; twenty-two ranged from 180 to 189 ; eighteen from 170 to 179 ; six from 

 164 to 169. Eleven of the skulls below 180 mm. were apparently females. In basi- 

 bregmatic height nine skulls ranged from 140 to 148 ; twenty-one from 130 to 139 ; 

 ten from 121 to 128. In parieto-squamous breadth three were 160; fifteen ranged 

 from 150 to 159; thirteen from 140 to 149; ten from 132 to 139. A large pro- 

 portion of the skulls in the three principal diameters had good dimensions, and the 

 horizontal circumference in twenty-five skulls exceeded 500 mm. In these measure- 

 ments the female skulls were, as is the rule, smaller than the male. , 



In only a few specimens was it possible to take the cubic capacity of the cranium. 

 In thirteen males it ranged from 1250 to 1580; four of which were 1500 and 



* See descriptions by Cosmo Innes in Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot., vol. iii, pp. 46, 374, 490, 1862. 



