208 PRINCIPAL SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



upwards, one was 1350, and the rest were between 1420 and 1450 c.c. The 

 mean capacity of the males was 1448 c.c. Four skulls were regarded as female, 

 and the mean capacity was 1435 c.c. 



The cephalic index was computed in forty measured skulls : twenty-nine were 

 80 and upwards, brachycephalic, and of these fourteen were hyperbrachycephalic, 

 two being upwards of 90. In five others, too imperfect to be measured, the form 

 was brachycephalic. In six skulls the index was between 78 and 80, approaching 

 the brachycephalic numerical standard ; three were between 75 and 78, and only 

 two were dolichocephalic. The mean cephalic index of the forty skulls was 82*5 ; 

 if five of these are not included in the computation, the index in which was below 

 77'5, i.e. dolichocephalic or mesodolichocephalic, the mean index is as high as 85 

 in thirty-five crania. 



The vertical index was computed in forty measured skulls : it ranged from 68 

 to 81 '4. In nineteen skulls the index was 75 and upwards; in eighteen it was below 

 75 ; in only one below 70. The mean index of the forty skulls was 75, i.e. metrio- 

 cephalic. In the dolichocephalic skull from Morrison's Haven the vertical index 

 exceeded the cephalic ; in all the others the breadth was greater than the height 

 and the crania were platychamsecephalic, wide low skulls. 



In general configuration the cranial vault was flattened at the vertex ; the 

 parieto-occipital slope in many cases was abrupt and the back of the skull approached 

 the vertical ; the slope from the sagittal line to the parietal eminences was moderate. 

 The frontal bone was smooth in the females, but had moderately projecting glabella 

 and supraciliaries in the males. In the skull from Bridgeness, where the cephalic 

 index approached the dolichocephalic standard, the cranium was more elongated and 

 the glabella and supraciliaries were so prominent as to form a ledge above the nose 

 and orbits. In a very large proportion of the short-cist skulls brachycephalic 

 characters were pronounced, in the general configuration, in the high cephalic index 

 and in the breadth of the cranium being more than the height. 



Owing to the bones of the face having been injured in many of the skulls, the 

 proportional measurements of the facial region were imperfect. A nasio-mental 

 index which expressed the relative length and breadth of the face was computed in 

 twelve, which included the skulls recorded by Dr Alexr. Low : eight were low-faced, 

 chamreprosopic, below 85 ; one was high-faced, leptoprosopic, 90"2 ; and three were 

 intermediate in proportion, mesoprosopic ; the mean of the series, 83*4, was chamse- 

 prosopic.* The maxillo-facial index was computed in thirteen skulls : in five it was 

 above 50 ; in eight from 45 to 49 ; the length of the upper face was proportionally 

 greater than that of the complete face, and the mean index of the series was 497, 

 almost leptoprosopic. 



The gnathic index (Flower) was computed in twenty-four skulls, orthognathous 



* For the signification of these terms I may refer to Part I of this Memoir, vol. xl, p. GOG ; and to Jour, of Anat. 

 and. I'lijis., vol. xxxvii, p. 406. 



