232 PRINCIPAL SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



137 mm.; the height from 120 to 142 mm., with the mean 129*8; the horizontal 

 circumference from 524 to 534 mm., with the mean 528 -9. The cubic capacity in 

 three male skulls was from 1450 to 1585 c.c, with the mean 1538 c.c. ; in two 

 females the mean was 1265 c.c. 



The cephalic index in two specimens was 79 and 79*4 respectively, approximating 

 to the brachycephalic standard ; in three specimens it was between 76 and 78 in 

 the middle of the mesocephalic group ; in three specimens between 75 and 76, 

 approximating therefore to the dolichocephalic ; in eleven it was below 75, 

 dolichocephalic. The majority of the skulls, therefore, had dolichocephalic char- 

 acters, no specimen was 80, and the mean of the series was 74 "9. The vertical 

 index ranged from 63'8 to 76*3 ; only two had the index above 75, high skulls, 

 hypsicephalic ; five were from 70 to 75, metriocephalic ; six were below 70, low 

 skulls, chamiecepha'lic ; the mean of thirteen skulls was 70 '2, metriocephalic. In 

 the crania in which both breadth and height could be measured the breadth ex- 

 ceeded the height except in one where these diameters were equal. 



As regards the face, the relation of length to breadth was obtained in eight 

 skulls. The complete nasio-mental index was upwards of 90 in three skulls, long- 

 faced leptoprosopic ; between 85 and 90 in five, mesoprosopic ; no face w r as low, 

 chamseprosopic ; in the upper or maxillo-facial proportions the index in seven 

 specimens was above 50, i.e. leptoprosopic ; of the gnathic index no specimen was 

 prognathous, three were mesognathous, six were orthognathous. The nasal index 

 in one skull, 54*2, was platyrhine ; six were narrow, leptorhine ; one was mesorhine. 

 The orbits in four specimens were rounded at the aperture, megaseme ; not so round, 

 mesoseme, in three ; low in relation to the width in one specimen, microseme. The 

 palato-maxillary index was variable as usual, and ranged from 109 to 128*5 ; two 

 were dolichuranic, two were mesuranic, four were brachy- or hyperbrachy-uranic. 



In general configuration the crania from the long cists were an elongated ovoid, 

 as a rule dolichocephalic or approximating thereto ; the height was less than the 

 breadth ; the face was long and narrow ; the upper jaw was orthognathous or 

 approximated thereto ; the nose was narrow or leptorhine ; the orbits were moder- 

 ately rounded ; the hard palate was not elongated but in shape like a wide horse- 

 shoe. The mean cubic capacity of the male cranium was high. .Those who were 

 buried in the long cists were in respect of their cranial proportions a mixed people, 

 but with a decided preponderancy of the dolichocephalic type. 



Ethnography. 



In attempting to solve the ethnographic problem, how an island situated in 

 proximity to a continent became inhabited, one has to consider if it had been 

 continuous with the mainland in a previous geological age, and if through changes 

 in the relative level of land and water it had become disconnected by the formation 



