THE CRANIOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE OP SCOTLAND. 237 



skulls in which the relative breadth ranged between 75 and 80 he gave the name 

 mesaticephalic (mesocephalic). The subdivision on these lines into three groups has 

 been generally accepted. Dolichocephalic and brachycephalic are terms employed 

 to express types at two extremes easily distinguished by the naked eye, but mesati- 

 cephalic has not an equally precise signification, for its lowest terms blend with the 

 dolichocephalic — its highest with the brachycephalic divisions. 



In Part I of this memoir, I suggested that if the intermediate mesaticephalic 

 group were divided into two equal parts, those with an index between 77 "5 and 80 

 approached the brachycephali, whilst those that ranged from 75 to 77 "5 were more 

 allied to the dolichocephali. Hence in several of my craniological memoirs those 

 in the higher term of the mesaticephali are said to be approximately brachycephalic, 

 i.e. meso-brachycephalic, and those in the lower term approximately dolichocephalic, 

 i.e. mesc-dolichocephalic. 



The divisions are expressed in the following formula : 



below 75 76 77-5 



Dolichocephalic meso-dolichocephalic 



77-6 78 79 80 and upwards 



meso-brachycephalic Brachycephalic 



Mesaticephalic 



From this point of view I shall now analyse the cephalic index in the forty 

 measured short-cist skulls in Tables II to V. In twenty-nine specimens it ranged 

 from 80 to 94*6, brachycephalic, and of these fourteen were hyperbrachycephalic, 85 

 and upwards; in six, from 77'6 to 78 '9, meso-brachycephalic; in three, meso- 

 dolichocephalic, 75 and 76 ; in two, dolichocephalic, below 75. In addition, five skulls 

 specified in the tables, too much injured to permit the length and breadth to be 

 accurately measured, had the brachycephalic form. The brachycephali and the meso- 

 brachycephali, in all thirty-five skulls, were 87*5 per cent, of the measured specimens, 

 so that obviously a large majority of the builders of the short cists had this type of 

 head and were the dominant race in Scotland during the period of the bronze age. 



As the localities from which the skulls came are specified in the tables, a 

 conception can be obtained of the parts of Scotland in which this form of head 

 prevailed. Table IV contains thirteen measured skulls from Aberdeen and Banff ; of 

 these twelve were brachycephali, eight of which were hyperbrachycephalic ; in addi- 

 tion, one was meso-brachycephalic. Table III contains eight brachycephali, three of 

 which were hyperbrachycephalic. Table II contains six brachycephali, one of which 

 was hyperbrachycephalic ; two also were approximately or meso-brachycephalic ; but 

 two others from Mull and Forfarshire were approximately or meso-dolichocephalic. 

 Table V contains three brachycephali from the Lothians, two of which were hyper- 

 brachycephalic, also three were meso-brachycephalic ; but of three short-cist burials 

 from the Lothians two were dolichocephalic, one meso-dolichocephalic. 



The number of skulls and their localities were too few to enable a wide generalisa- 

 tion to be made, but they are sufficient to show that brachycephali were in 



