THE CRANIOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE OF SCOTLAND. 



241 



nine males and one female they were equal ; in twenty-five males and sixteen females, 

 7'7 per cent., the height was less than the breadth, i.e. 31 5 per cent. Ninety-nine 

 skulls were probably males and thirty-one females. 



Table X. 

 Brachycephali. 



Race. | Number. 



Breadth above H. 



Breadth =H. 



i Breadth less than H. J 



Burmese, .... 

 Andaman Islanders, 

 Siamese, .... 

 Chinese, .... 

 Sandwich Islanders, 



34 



7 



4 



11 



7 



M. 32 



M. 3 F. 4 



M. 4 



M. 7 F. 1 



M. 4 F. 3 



M. 2 

 None 

 None 

 None 

 None 



None 

 None 



None 

 M. 3 



None 



63 



M. 50 F. 8 



M. 2 



M. 3 



Of sixty-three exotic skulls in Table X the breadth was more than the height in 

 fifty males and eight females, i.e. 92 per cent. ; in two males they were equal ; in 

 three males only was the breadth less than the height. Fifty-five skulls were 

 probably males, eight females. The persistency of this character was as marked 

 in these exotic races as in the Scottish brachycephali. 



In dolichocephalic skulls there is not the same uniformity in the relations of 

 breadth to height as in the brachycephali. Of the exotic skulls in Table IX the 

 height exceeded the breadth in the proportion of about six specimens to four. The 

 crania in a typical dolichocephalic race, like the Australian, were narrow both 

 actually and relatively to the length and height ; the side walls were vertical ; the 

 vertex was keeled or roof-like, with a sagittal ridge or crest which Sergi has named a 

 " lophus " ; the slope from this crest to the parietal eminence was steep ; the vertical 

 transverse arc behind the bregma was laterally compressed ; the cranial capacity was 

 relatively small, and the skull had the character to which Professor Cleland applied 

 the name " ill filled." * In the Scottish dolichocephali, again, both prehistoric and 

 modern, the breadth with scarcely an exception exceeded the height. The cranium 

 was broad, though not in such relation to the length as to give it a brachycephalic 

 proportion ; the side walls bulged a little ; the vertex was not keeled but flattened ; 

 the slope from the sagittal line to the parietal eminence was gentle ; the vertical 

 transverse arc behind the bregma was rounded ; the cranial capacity was ample, 

 and the skull merited the term " well filled " which Cleland used for skulls of this 

 character. The term dolichocephalic, while indicating a relation between length and 

 breadth, includes skulls which have no common relationship as between height and 

 breadth, and requires to have the proportion between these diameters properly dis- 

 criminated in the comparison of the skulls of different races with each other. 



* Philosophical Transactions R. S., London, vol. cl, 1870. 



