244 PRINCIPAL SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



Only two bowl-shaped food urns were noted in the Aberdeen district at Blackhills 

 and Lesmurdie, but specimens were found in the Leith, Belfield, Bridgeness, Cowden 

 Hill (Forfarshire), Arrau, Bute, Aonach (Boss), and Ardachy (Mull) cists recorded in 

 the tables and text. The type has also been noted by Abercromby in other parts 

 of Scotland, and in many English counties. He regarded it as belonging to a later 

 period of the bronze age than the beaker urn, though sometimes they were found 

 together in the same interment.* 



The pottery of the bronze age is sparsely rejtresented in Ireland. Two beakers 

 from Co. Down and Sligo are recorded by Abercromby ; more than twenty bowl- 

 shaped urns have been obtained in Ulster, Wicklow, Kildare, Waterford, Kilkenny 

 and as far south as Co. Cork and Kerry, and from the west in Co. Galway and 

 Mayo. Similarly, a few cinerary urns have been recorded as obtained in the 

 Ulster counties, and in Wexford, Kilkenny, Carlow, Galway, and Limerick. It 

 would seem therefore as if the brachycephalic people of the bronze age had had, 

 as regards numbers, a limited distribution over Ireland generally, but were more 

 frequent in the northern counties which constitute the province of Ulster. 



Ethnographers have classified the Races of Europe into groups in accordance with 

 their physical characters. W. Z. Ripley and Gustaf Retzius employed three, but 

 Deniker by a further subdivision suggested six. Of the three groups, the North 

 European is dolichocephalic, with fair skin and hair, blue eyes, and tall stature : the 

 Mid European is brachycephalic, with dark hair and eyes and short stature : the 

 South European has also dark hair and eyes and short stature, but is dolichocephalic. 

 I have already referred to the neolithic dolichocephali as probably descended from 

 the South European people of the basin of the Mediterranean (p. 235). 



The question of the origin of the brachycephalic people of the bronze age should 

 now be considered. In the endeavour to solve this problem the cranial characters 

 of the prehistoric people of north-western Europe have to be studied, as far as the 

 paucity of the material permits, also those of the modern inhabitants. 



In Sweden Gustaf Retzius has shown f that, in the latitude of Stockholm and 

 to its immediate north, 87 per cent, of the present people were dolichocephalic, 

 13 per cent, brachycephalic. Towards Lapland again the proportion of brachycephali 

 increased, also in the more southern provinces, but in none did the percentage of 



Supplementary to the bronze-age burials specified in the text, recent volumes of the Proceedings of the S. Ant. 

 Scot, contain accounts of short cist and cinerary urn interments by Messrs J. Graham Callander, F. R. Coles, 

 W. Rbid, W. Mackenzie, D. M'Kinlay, ami .1. II. Craw. Beaker urns additional to those referred to in the text 

 were obtained in Aberdeenshire, Banff, Kincardine, Argyll, North Berwick, Dunbar, and Broomdykes, Berwickshire. 

 Bowl urns were also recorded from Ross, the Black Isle, Fife, and Merchiston, Mid Lothian. 



The short cists in general form resembled the dolmens of France, but on a smaller scale as regards the magnitude 

 of the stones and the size of the space enclosed by them. The stone boxes seen in many country churchyards with 

 large cover slab, built on the surface above the coffin and inhumed body, though without contents, are in form 

 a survival in modern times of an ancient cist burial. 



t Crania Suecica dntiqua, Stockholm, 1900, and Huxley Lecture for 1909 in Jouru. Anthrop. Inst., vol. xxxix ; 

 also Retzius and V tJMT, A nthropologia Suecica, Stockholm," 1902. 



