A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE SCOTTISH SKULL. 



3.51 



Turner's memoir is 149"3 mm. (which in Macdonnell's paper in Biometrika (iii) is 

 given as 144'3 mm.), while the mean value for the group of 405 is 139'56 mm. — 

 sensibly different from 144'3 mm. For the group of 100 — the "K" group — the 

 mean value is 140*7 mm. : still much smaller than Turner's value. Herein lies the 

 most notable difference between the two series of Scottish skulls, Turner's and 

 the present one. While there is comparatively little difference between the 

 respective mean lengths and heights, there is a distinct difference between the 

 mean breadths, amounting to 10 mm. if we accept Turner's figures, or 5 mm. 

 if we accept Macdonnell's correction. Almost wholly due to this difference in 

 breadth, but minimised to a slight extent by the difference in the greatest lengths, 

 we have the higher value of the cephalic index in Turner's series, namely 77*4, 

 i.e. mesaticephalic, while the mean cephalic index for the present series is 74'36, 

 i.e. dolichocephalic. For the "K" series the mean value of the cephalic index is 

 74'4, while for the group of 11 male skulls derived from Renfrewshire and included in 

 Turner's series the mean cephalic index is 75*1, distinctly below that for the whole 

 series. The details are given in Table II. 



Table II.* 



Class. 



Turner's Series. 



West Scottish Series. 



"K" Series 

 of 100. 



No. 



Per cent. 



No. 



Per cent. 



No. and 

 per cent. 



Dolichocephalic, —75 

 Mesaticephalic, < --7k 7 q.q 

 Brachycephalic, +80 



49 

 45 

 45 

 35 



28 

 26 

 26 

 20 ■ 



232 



129 



35 



9 



57-3 



31-8 



8-6 

 2-2 



58 

 34 



7 

 1 



Following Turner's method of subdividing the mesaticephalic group into two 

 subsidiary sections, one with the index from 75 to 77*4, the other from 77'5 to 79"9, as 

 those in the lower section approach more closely to the dolichocephalic type and 

 those in the higher section to the brachycephalic type, it was found that, in the 

 " K " series, in the higher division of the mesaticephalic group and the brachycephalic 

 group were contained only 8 per cent, of the skulls examined, the remainder either 

 being dolichocephalic (58 per cent.) or in the lower section of the mesaticephalic 

 group (34 per cent.), whereas in Turner's series 46 per cent, were either brachy- 

 cephalic or showed a tendency towards that type, while the remaining 54 per cent, 

 were dolichocephalic (28 per cent.) or approached that type (26 per cent.). 



* In making up this and the succeeding tables the measurements recorded in the Appendix were all tirst reduced 

 to the "arithmetical mean." In Tables II and XI, however, in subdividing the mesaticephalic skulls into Turner's 

 two classes, this was not done for the indices between 77 and 78, but all the skulls with indices from 77 to 77 - 4 were 

 placed in the lower group and those with indices from 77'6 to 78 in the higher group, while of the skulls with 

 indices of exactly 77io half were placed in the lower, lialf in the higher, group. 



