A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE SCOTTISH SKULL. 375 



spond very closely, and are separated by a definite and distinct gap from the two 

 German groups which, owing to their marked increase in maximum breadth, have 

 distinctly lower indices. 



The auricular height in the subsidiary West Scottish series of 100 has a mean 

 value slightly greater than in the English series, and intermediate in value to the 

 two German series. The relationship of the mean values in the various groups can 

 be readily seen and compared by referring to the table for male skulls described 

 above. The basi-nasal length is very similar in the West Scottish and Altbayerisch 

 groups, slightly greater and practically equal in Turner's Scottish and the 

 Whitechapel groups, while the relatively great length characteristic of primitive 

 types is evident in the values for the Negro and Aino. While the upper face heights 

 are approximately equal in the Scottish male group, the English group, and the 

 Altbayerisch group — a relationship which also obtains between the breadths in the 

 two former groups, — the breadth in the Altbayerisch group is distinctly greater than 

 the height, and so we find in this group of German skulls a smaller index and a 

 relatively broader face than in the other two groups. 



The mean nasal heights are not markedly different in the four groups, Scottish, 

 English, Altbayerisch, and Wtirtemberg, and the same may be said of the respective 

 breadths. As regards the nasal index, the mean value in the Scottish series more 

 nearly equals the Wiirtemberg value than it does the Whitechapel one. These are 

 all leptorhine, while the Altbayerisch value is at the lower limit of, but within, the 

 mesorhine group. With regard to the mean value of the orbital width, which 

 for all practical purposes is the same on the two sides, it corresponds more closely 

 with that found in Turner's series and in both German series than with the English 

 series, which is markedly greater, while the value for orbital height is very similar 

 in the same groups. We see this relationship reflected in the orbital index, which is 

 practically equal in the West Scottish male group and in the Wiirtemberg group 

 and in the mesoseme class, slightly greater than that in the Altbayerisch series just 

 within the mesoseme group, and distinctly less in the English Whitechapel group, 

 which falls into the microsemic class. 



As regards palate index the West Scottish group is more nearly equal to the two 

 German groups than to the English group. With regard to the profile angle in the 

 various groups we observe that the angle in the West Scottish series, with the excep- 

 tion of that in the Altbayerisch group, shows the highest value of all. It is on 

 the average about 2° less than in the Altbayerisch group, and about 1° higher 

 in value than the English, Wiirtemberg, and French group angles, which are 

 approximately equal. 



The angles of the triangle formed by the basi-nasal, nasi-alveolar, and basi-alveolar 

 lines (fig. 1) are shown in the table for the " K" group of 100 male Scottish skulls, and 

 are not very different from those in the English and Naquada groups, which are the 

 only two other groups where the values are given. The angle 1 is nearly identical in 



