,378 



DR MATTHEW YOUNG. 



calculated, from the complete series of results, the standard deviation for maximum 

 length and breadth, and finds that for length the factor is 7*418 for males and 7*151 

 for females ; for breadth 5 '94 for males and 5 '11 for females. While they apparently 

 satisfy the conditions required for homogeneity as regards breadth, they do not do so 

 in the case of length, and Macdonnell's conclusion, supported by Pearson, regarding 

 them is that " they show a much higher variability than is found in fairly con- 

 temporary individuals of homogeneous races." 



With regard to the series of Scottish skulls at present under examination, which 

 were all obtained at the same time and from the same burial-place, we find that 

 the conditions for uniformity are satisfied both by maximum length and breadth 

 variability. The homogeneity and great size of this series of skulls gives this part 

 of the inquiry a general interest in connection with the general principles of cranial 

 variability. 



The variability for length and breadth shown by several different types is 

 exhibited in the following table : — 



Table XXIII. 



Series. 



Standard Deviation. 



Skull Length. 



Skull Breadth. 



Naquada crania .... 



Bavarian ,, 



Aino ,,.... 



French „ . 



English ,,.... 



Scottish ,, (present series) 



,, ,, (Turner) . 



5-722 



6-088 



5-936 



7-202 



6-446 (Whitechapel, 6-27) 



5-94 



7-418 



4-612 



5-849 



3-897 



6-068 



4-976 (Whitechapel, 5-28) 



4-76 



5-94 



These deviations are small enough in the case of the present series of Scottish 

 skulls to warrant the conclusion that they constitute a homogeneous series. Show- 

 ing a value well above 5 "5 for length and 3*3 for breadth, there seems no reason to 

 suspect that the series is a " stringently selected sample." It is worthy of note that 

 in the subsidiary male series "K" the standard deviation for length is 5 '82 and for 

 breadth 4*43, figures well above those values which suggest stringent selection. 



