380 



DR MATTHEW YOUNG. 



the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation. I cannot compare their 

 variability with the corresponding measurements in other series of skulls, as these 

 are not available, but it is of interest to compare them with the corresponding values 

 in the female group : — 



Table XXV. 



Character. 



Maxillofacial index (interzygomatic) 

 Gnathic index 

 Frontal segment 

 Parietal „ 

 Occipital ,, 

 Transverse base 

 Cleland's base (opisthionic nasal length) 

 Sagittal arc/base . 

 Palatomaxillary index . 

 Asterionic breadth 

 Interstephanic breadth 

 Palatal length (T) 

 breadth (T) 





Male. 







Female. 





Mean. 



S. D. 



V. 



Mean. 



S. D. 



V. 



55-81 



3-58 



6-41 



55-71 



3-20 



5-74 



94-68 



3-89 



4-10 



94-45 



3-78 



4-00 



131-73 



6-44 



4-88 



126-96 



5-70 



4-48 



127-00 



7-46 



5-87 



121-4 



6-74 



5-55 



119-88 



5*22 



435 



114-76 



6-53 



5-69 



115-13 



4-63 



4-02 



108-89 



3-72 



3-41 



134-53 



5-08 



3-77 



126-98 



4-16 



3-27 



2-819 



•117 



4-16 



2-859 



•1145 



4-00 



112-76 



7-82 



6-93 



114-16 



8-45 



7-40 



109-68 



4-21 



3-83 



105-44 



4-03 



3-82 



11793 



5-33 



4-52 



114-91 



4-53 



391 



52-94 



3-03 



5-72 



4923 



2-72 



5-52 



59-59 



3-67 



6-15 



56-08 



3-38 



6-04 



From a brief survey of the above tables we observe that in the great majority of 

 the characters or dimensions the male shows a greater variability than the female. 

 The female is more variable than the male in the cephalic index, height index, height- 

 breadth index, palato-maxillary index, occipital segment of sagittal arc, basi-alveolar 

 length, alveolar and nasial angles ; or equal variability in the nasal breadth, asterionic 

 breadth, and basilar angle. In all the others, i.e. 39 out of 49, the female is less 

 variable than the male, variability being determined by the coefficient of variation in 

 all the instances except the angles when the standard deviation is used. 



We are now in a position to compare the variability of the Scottish skull as 

 regards its various dimensions with that shown by other series, and we begin with 

 the capacity. Pearson in his Chances of Death, vol. i, gives the coefficients of 

 variation for this dimension for a number of different races from which I have 

 made a selection ; Macdonnell (12) gives the coefficients for his English series, and 

 Fawcett supplies the factor for the Naquada crania. From these sources I have 

 compiled the following table : — 



