A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OB' THE SCOTTISH SKULL. 



389 



character," while he says of the former " that it constitutes one of the most important 

 anthropological characters of the face. 



The results shown in the foregoing tables with reference to the variability of 

 the different characters in different races are so diverse that it is difficult, in fact 

 sometimes impossible, to find evidence therein for two important conclusions of 

 Pearson : — 



(1) That the male is not more variable than the female. 



(2) That the more highly civilised races are the more variable. 



Before Pearson's essay on "Variation in Man and Woman" appeared, it seemed 

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Fig. 2. — Frequency curve for glabello-occipital length in 100 male and 100 female skulls. 



variable than the female. This belief Pearson ascribed to the use of non-scientific 

 methods to measure the variability, and, in the course of his paper, furnished numerous 

 instances where, in the most diverse characters, the female is as variable as, if not 

 more variable than, the male ; so that his conclusion is, with regard to the characters 

 he has examined for both sexes, that there is "no evidence of greater male variability 

 but rather of a slightly greater female variability." In the paper above mentioned 



the measure of significant variation is the coefficient of variation when 



the sexual means differ considerably, and the standard deviation when the means 

 are practically identical. 



As previously mentioned, in the different characters for which the variability has 

 been estimated by these criteria in the present collection, with very few exceptions, 

 the male skull shows greater variability than the female. Kespecting the second 

 conclusion, i.e. that the more highly civilised races are the more variable, we find 



