A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE SCOTTISH SKULL. 395 



than the basi-bregmatic height does, and the increase is more marked in the case of 

 auricular height and breadth than in the other. 



Examining the above table of correlation coefficients, we find great diversity in 

 their value and relationships. The first feature of the Scottish series that attracts 

 our attention is the high correlation for these characters shown by the male com- 

 pared with that by the female. The above fact is brought into greater prominence 

 owing to the circumstance that, in the English Whitechapel series immediately 

 underneath the Scottish series in the table (XXXVIII), the female is more highly 

 correlated than the male for all these dimensions. 



In this relationship of the correlation of the sexes for the above measurements 

 the Scottish skull resembles the Aino, the Naquada, the Tasmanian, and the 

 Australian ; the French, in so far as length and breadth and length and height are 

 concerned, also shows higher correlation coefficients in the male than in the female ; 

 while, as regards breadth and height, the two correlation coefficients are practi- 

 cally equal. In the German, on the other hand, the coefficients of correlation in 

 the male for length, breadth, and height are very small compared with those in 

 the female — in fact, in the case of the length and height in the male, the coefficient 

 is negative. 



Of the three pairs of characters in the Scottish series we observe that length and 

 breadth has the highest coefficient and breadth and height the least, and this holds 

 for both male and female. 



In the English series the order of magnitude in the coefficients for both female 

 and male is rLH, rLB, and rBH, the first being greatest, but, as before mentioned, 

 the coefficients for the female are in the case of all the pairs greater than for the 

 male. So far as the results of the Scottish series go they would seem to support one 

 of the conclusions of Pearson and Lee that " correlation is more nearly equal for 

 the two sexes in uncivilised than in civilised races," when the Aino is regarded as the 

 type of the uncivilised race ; but, in the case of length and height in the Tasmanian, 

 and length and breadth in the Australian, the difference between the male and female 

 coefficients is greater than in the corresponding pairs in the Scottish series. 



With the second conclusion in Pearson and Lee's (13) memoir, " that woman 

 tends with advance in civilisation to gain in correlation on man," the results supplied 

 by the Scottish skulls appear to be in direct contradiction. According to Pearson 

 and Lee, their conclusions on this subject have been called in question by E. T. 

 Brewster (35), but they say that his results are not to be relied upon owing to his 

 series being extremely small and his treatment of them not being quite satisfactory. 

 They find confirmation of the suggestions of their paper " On the Relative Variation 

 and Correlation in Civilised and Uncivilised Races" in a " First Study of the Correla- 

 tion of the Skull" (13). 



Pearson and Lee's chosen representative of the civilised race is the German, and 



their conclusions are largely based on a comparison of other races with that type. 

 TRANS. ROY. SOC. EDIN., VOL. LI, PART II (NO. 9). 56 



