414 DR MATTHEW YOUNG. 



Upper angle, 33. 

 Lower ,, 40 

 Upper angle, 34 



An Australian skull (Klaatsch) 



Lower ,, 40. 



Another Australian skull . 



(. Lower ,, 39. 



From an examination of a larger series of Australian skulls, however, it has been 

 shown, as was previously mentioned, that the upper glabella angle was approximately 

 equal in the complete Australian and Tasmanian series, and that in the Australian, as 

 in the Tasmanian, the mean upper glabella angle is greater than the mean lower 

 glabella angle (vide table). 



If we examine the two components of the cranial-glabella angle as regards vari- 

 ability, we find that the upper glabella angle shows for the Tasmanian a S.D. of 

 2*26 and a V. of 5*9, and for the Scottish a S.D. of 1 "99 and a V. of 5'54 ; while the 

 lower glabella angle gives for the Tasmanian a S.D. of 2*86 and a V. of 777, and for 

 the Scottish a S.D. of 2'63 and a V. of 6'84. In both upper and lower glabella angles 

 the variability is greater in the Tasmanian than in the Scottish, and in both 

 Tasmanian and Scottish series as well as the Australian the variability in the lower 

 angle is greater than that in the upper angle, which is exactly contrary to what one 

 would have expected. The Australian is most variable of the three in the upper 

 angle and least variable in the lower angle. 



The lambda angle in the Tasmanian series varies from 64° to 75°, with a mean of 

 69°, S.D. 273, V. 3*95 ; in the Scottish series from 62° to 76°, with a mean of 68*34°, 

 S.D. 2'84, V. 4*15 ; in the Australian series from 64° to 78°, with a mean value of 

 70*12°, S.D. 2*98. The variability of the angle is thus slightly greater in the Scottish 

 series than in the Tasmanian series, while the angle is on an average so little less in 

 the former than in the latter that they may be considered practically equal. The 

 angle is slightly greater in the Australian than in the other two types, and shows 

 the greatest variability of the three. 



The basion angle in the Tasmanian series varies from 98° to 117°, with a mean of 

 107*8°, S.D. 4*71, V. 4*37. In the Scottish series the basion angle varies from 95° to 

 120°, with a mean of 107*4°, S.D. 4*43, V. 4*12. The basion angles are thus shown to 

 be approximately equal in the two series on an average, while that of the Scottish 

 series is slightly less variable than the other. In the Australian series the basion 

 angle has a range in value from 97° to 120° and a mean value of 107*75°, practically 

 equal to the Tasmanian mean, and its standard deviation being 4*43, it is less variable 

 than the latter. 



As regards the bregma angle, this, in the Tasmanian series, varies from 100° to 

 1 1 3°, with a mean of 106*8°, S.D. 2*98, V. 2*79. In the Scottish series the angle varies 

 from 103° to 115°, with a mean of 108*96°, S.D. 2*98, V. 2*73. 



The above angles in the two series of skulls show equal deviations and nearly 

 equal coefficients of variability, while in the Tasmanian series the mean angle is 

 slightly smaller than the mean angle in the Scottish series. 



