A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE SCOTTISH SKULL. 



427 



differences referred to by him are well brought out in so far as they can be revealed 

 in a sagittal tracing, i.e. (a) the relatively low character of the portion of the calvaria 

 above the glabella-lambda plane, and (b) the flatness of the frontal arc compared with 

 the parietal. Fig. 12 shows the mean Scottish skull and the mean Australian skull 

 superimposed, the measurements for the latter being obtained from Berry and 

 Eobertson's series of dioptrographic tracings. The exceptional character of Klaatsch's 

 Australian and the near approximation of the Tasmanian and Australian means are 



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Fig. 13. — Diagram showing sagittal cranial contour and quadrilateral figure of skull No. 20 of the series 

 superimposed on the contour and figure of Klaatsch's Australian skull. Glabella-lambda line as base. 



West Scottish — continuous line. Australian — interrupted line. 



demonstrated by these figures. The most striking difference, apart from the value 

 of the zentrum angle, in the figure of the West Scottish skull and that of the 

 Tasmanian or Australian is seen in the occipital region. It will be observed that 

 the height of the glabella-lambda arc is the same in all three. 



Fig. 13 shows a sagittal tracing for the Australian, as described by Klaatsch, super- 

 imposed on a Scottish skull (No. 20) from the series of 100. In this case the sagittal 

 tracings, as regards the calvaria only, show a very close resemblance to one another. 

 It is in instances like the present one that coronal tracings would be of great value in 

 bringing out the other points of difference in the vault characteristic of the Australian, 

 because, if the above Scottish skull consisted only of the calvaria — it being similar to 

 the Australian in the various values of the polygon, and the angle at the zentrum 

 being 90° — it might seem quite reasonable to affix an Australian facial portion. 



The method may be of value in attempts at the reconstruction of incomplete 

 skulls, as the zentrum angle seems to be in most cases not removed more than several 

 degrees from a right angle ; but the study of the correlation of the cranial characters 

 in the Scottish skull, and their comparison with those in other races, confirms me in 



TRANS. ROY. SOC. EDIN., VOL. LI, PART II (NO. 9). 



60 



