438 



DR MATTHEW YOUNG. 



logical importance. For the present I shall confine my attention to three of these : 

 two, the spheno-maxillary and spheno-ethmoidal associated with the name of Huxley. 

 and one, the foramino-basilar, with which the name of Turner is associated, although 

 there have been many others described of less importance. 



The spheno-ethmoidal angle is open downwards and forwards and is formed by 

 two lines which may be named the basi-occipito-sphenoid axis (Turner) or basi- 

 cranial axis (Huxley) and the cribriform axis, the former extending from the basion, 

 the middle point of the anterior margin of the foramen magnum, to the "pros- 

 phenion " or foremost part of the spheno-ethmoidal junction in the median plane ; 



Fig. 16. — Impression of median sagittal section of 

 skull 83, series K. 



Maximum length, 203 mm. 

 Basi-nasal length, 110 mm. 

 Sphenoethmoidal angle, 170°. 

 Spheno-maxillary an^le, 95°. 

 Foramino-basilar angle, 166°. 



Dotted line represents Frankfurt horizontal plane. 



Fiq. 17. —Impression of median sagittal section 

 of skull 14, series K. 



Maximum length, 200 mm. 

 Basi-nasal length, 105 mm. 

 Spheno-ethmoidal angle, 136". 

 Spheno-maxillary angle, 75°. 

 Foramino-basilar angle, 146°. 



Dotted line represents Frankfurt horizontal plane. 



the latter, the cribriform axis so called, may be continued forwards from the 

 prosphenion, more or less in the plane of the cribriform axis, to the uppermost 

 point of the ethmo-frontal suture in or near the median plane, or may be drawn to 

 the nasion — a more definite point. Investigators differ in their conclusions as to 

 where the second line should terminate in front. If the cribriform plate were always 

 horizontal, so that one could have the line in its plane going through its uppermost 

 point of contact with the frontal, in or near the median plane, that should undoubtedly 

 be chosen, but I found that the cribriform plate was often very much curved down- 

 wards in the series, and that it was impossible to get the line in all cases in the 

 plane of that plate and at the same time to pass through the uppermost part of the 

 ethmo-frontal suture, i.e. at the foramen caecum. Part of the difficulty in following 

 Turner's directions may be due to the fact that the skulls were sawn as nearly as 

 possible in the middle line and not slightly to one side of it, as in the case of his 



