450 



DR MATTHEW YOUNG. 



Table LVI. 







Male. 



Female. 





Scottish (100). 



Long Barrow. 

 (Schuster.) 



No. 



Scottish (100). 



Long Barrow. 

 (Schuster.) 



No. 



13 

 12 

 12 

 11 



12 



8 



L 

 F 



B 



B' 



H 



OH . 



LB . 



100 B/L 



100 H/L 



100 NB/NH 



P 









189-18 mm. 

 187-97 „ 

 140-7 „ 



97-48 „ 

 133-71 „ 

 11811 „ 

 100-96 „ 



74-4 



70-7 



45-58 

 87° 



190-6 mm. 

 187-1 „ 

 142-4 „ 



98-9 „ 

 137-8 „ 

 120-7 „ 

 101-9 „ 



74-9 



72-7 



49-0 



83° 



16 

 17 

 18 

 16 

 12 



177-97 mm. 



135-16 „ 



9266 „ 



125-01 „ 



93-82 

 76-03 

 70-31 



46-77 



182-6 mm. 

 184 „ 

 138-6 „ 



94-1 „ 

 135-1 „ 

 118 „ 



96-8 



76-3 



740 



49-1 



Are the skulls in this series, then, to be regarded as those of descendants of the 

 primitive people whose skulls have been found in the long barrows and chambered 

 cairns, who have remained isolated, as it were, and practically uninfluenced by the 

 influx of invaders of different races who have had such an influence in producing 

 diversity of cranial form in the Eastern parts of Scotland and England ? 



I was led to investigate the subject further, and to that end have consulted many 

 contributions of various authorities. We find that, between forty and fifty years ago, 

 Thurnam (63), investigated the characters of the crania of the long-chambered tumuli, 

 or long barrows, and found there a long-headed or dolichocephalic type of skull, 

 whereas in the round tumuli and short cists of Scotland were the remains of another 

 distinct stock, round-headed or brachycephalic ; and so constantly was this found, that 

 his phrase "long barrow, long skull; round barrow, round skull" may almost be 

 regarded as an unfailing law. He believed that the dolichocephalic type was the 

 forerunner of the brachycephalic type which, having come from Belgium and 

 France, had conquered the earlier type and had in part displaced, in part mixed with 

 it, as appeared from occasional admixture of the two types of crania in round barrows. 

 The later round-headed type, which, according to Thurnam, was the Celtic, finally 

 became dominant. 



It is important to note that the primitive long-headed stock was, and is still, 

 regarded as immigrating from the Iberian Peninsula, and was hence called the 

 Iberian stock. Sergi (58) has examined the skulls from these British long barrows 

 and compared them with ancient and modern Mediterranean skulls, and believes that 

 the primitive Mediterranean stock, having occupied the Iberian Peninsula, invaded 

 France and then Britain, constructing tumuli for its dead wherever it took possession. 

 Osteological remains of this Neolithic people are distributed all over Britain from 

 end to end, but are most numerous in the south-west. As Professor Bryce has 



