CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY OF BENGUELLA. 497 



colonisation of the Benguella plateau in 1909 (Angola, 1910, pp. 41-44). Senhor 

 J. P. Nascimento (1912) briefly referred to the geology of the Benguella plateau, 

 and recorded the presence of granite, diorite, basalt, and quartzites, and also the 

 existence of hot springs at Andulo and Chieuca, in what had become known as the 

 volcanic district of Bihe. During the same year Jo ao de Almeida (1912) described 

 the Kainozoic rocks along the coast of Mossamedes, and gave further details regard- 

 ing the ancient rocks of the Serra Chella and Humpata plateau, which are the 

 southern continuation of the Benguella plateau. Further references to the geology 

 of Benguella are included in the list (pp. 532-534), which includes a few relating to 

 the coastal rocks of the other provinces of Angola. 



In 1912 I visited Benguella at the invitation of Mr Israel Zangwill to report on 

 its economic and agricultural suitability for a refugee colony. The special object of 

 the journey involved consideration of the geological structure of the country from 

 the light it would throw on the quality and distribution of the soils. But as 

 geology was only involved in the work of the mission to that extent, I often 

 had to leave points unsettled, if they had no bearing on the economic possibilities 

 of the country. 



Thanks to the kindness of General Sir J. J. Machado, the general manager of 

 the Benguella Railway Co., and Mr E. Robins, the chief engineer in Benguella, I had 

 the opportunity of seeing far more than I could have reasonably expected in the time 

 at my disposal. I have also to express my thanks to Senhor Andrade, the Minister 

 of State for the Colonies of Portugal, to their Excellencies Senhor Norton, the 

 Governor-General of Angola, and Major Pinto, the Governor of Benguella, and to 

 Professor A. Ben Saude in Lisbon ; also to Senhor Sacramento Monteiro, my kind 

 host at the agricultural station at Quingenge, to Mr Varian and other officers of the 

 Benguella Railway Co., and in fact to all those whom it was my privilege to 

 meet in the country. I must also express my particular indebtedness to the invalu- 

 able help and congenial comradeship of my companion, Professor C. J. Martin, 

 F.R.S., Director of the Lister Institute, who kindly accompanied me in order to 

 report on the healthiness of the country. 



I have also to express my thanks to the authors of the accompanying reports on 

 the collections, to Mr R. B. Newton on the general Mollusca, Mr G. W. Tyrrell on 

 the igneous rocks, Mrs M. F. Romanes on the fossil algse, and to Mr J. M. Wordie 

 for a provisional list of cephalopods. Mr Wordie' s departure for the Antarctic pre- 

 vented the completion of this work, which has been kindly undertaken by Mr G. C. 

 Crick. I am also indebted to Professor A. C. Seward, F.R.S., for kindly examining 

 some slides of fossil algse, and to Professor R. A. Berry for analyses * and study of 

 the soil samples collected. 



It may be convenient to summarise the route followed. We landed at Lobito 

 Bay, the terminus of the Benguella Railway, whence I visited various localities- along 



* These, and an account of the country visited, are published in Gregory, 1913. 



