CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY OF BENGUELLA. 499 



so disturbed that I was not able fully to satisfy myself as to the succession. Un- 

 fortunately, the fossils are usually in the form of casts, so many of those collected 

 have proved indeterminable. The list of fossils collected by Malheiro during his 

 long residence at Dombe Grande contains so large a proportion in which the genus 

 only has been determined, that the poor condition of the fossils appears to be general 

 along this coast. 



(l) The Catumbella Section. — Immediately south of the railway bridge at Catum- 

 bella is a cliff of gypsiferous, false-bedded limestone, which yielded a large Tylostoma 

 globosum * ; and close beside this section was an exposure of marls containing the 

 characteristic ammonite " Schloenbachia" injiata. 



Further east, along the southern bank of the Catumbella River, the laminated 

 injiata marls dip to the west and are succeeded by underlying conglomerates which 

 contain large boulders of gneiss and granite. This conglomerate series has been bent 

 into many gentle folds. It is succeeded to the east by a thick bed of clay containing 

 some thin bands of limestone. The clay at one place forms most of a cliff about 200 

 feet high, the upper part of which consists of the bedded injiata limestone. Further 

 east the valley of the Catumbella widens, as the land on both sides is formed of clay ; 

 and where the limestone cap has been removed the clay has been worn by the rain 

 into many spurred ridges. The beds on both sides of the river are repeatedly folded 

 and faulted. The thick clays disappear eastward under hard white limestones, which 

 on the northern side of the river, just below the dam, form a synclinal traversed by 

 several faults. The limestones occur on the floor of the valley beside the new 

 reservoir. At the base of the cliff there is a cream-coloured nodular limestone 

 crowded with concentric algae, which Mrs Romanes has described as composed of 

 two new species, Girvanella minima and Lithothamnium angolense. About 80 feet 

 above the algal limestone is a white earthy limestone which yielded an Epiaster 

 catumbellensis ; the limestone on a terrace at the height of about 150 feet yielded a 

 Panopea cf. plicata, numerous gastropod casts, and a fragment of an ammonite which 

 Mr Crick has determined as "S." lenzi. This bed is therefore Vraconnian (Lower Ceno- 

 manian). Above this shelly limestone, at the height of about 240 feet, is a band con- 

 taining many haematite nodules, and amongst other fossils a new species of Neithea 

 (N. angoliensis). At the level of about 850 feet the limestone contains abundant 

 nodules of chert and numerous undetermined gastropods. I was unable to go further 

 up the hill ; but Mr Robins kindly gave me two ammonites, which came from the 

 top of the plateau, and they are excellent specimens of "S." injiata. The thickness of 

 the limestones beside the Catumbella dam between the Lithothamnium bed below 

 and the injiata marls must be about 1000 feet. Further up the valley the injiata 

 beds are said to rest directly upon the older crystalline rocks. 



The beds along the Catumbella River have been disturbed by a complicated series 

 of parallel faults, of which I noticed fifteen between the railway bridge and half a 

 * For the names of the gastropods and lamellibranchs I am indebted to Mr R. B. Newton. 



