CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY OF BENGUELLA. 503 



ward. On the eastern side of the fault the beds near the surface are covered by talus, 

 beneath which are stratified yellow clays and marls with some layers of chert. 



From this point an extensive development of these clays is seen in the Hanha 

 valley, and they probably belong to the same series as those of the lower part of the 

 Catumbella section. 



From this road cutting a valley, which was obviously at one time the main outlet 

 of the Hanha River, descends to the north-east. On its flat swampy floor, at the 

 height of about 130 feet above sea-level, is an outcrop of the algal limestone. This 

 old valley joins the Hanha River (fig. 3) where it emerges from a picturesque canyon, 

 the walls of which give excellent sections of the limestone series. The beds are 

 gently folded, and a major anticlinal crosses the gorge near the first main bend 

 below the Hanha basin ; this upfold brings up a sandy limestone and some 

 conglomerates containing boulders of gneiss, one of which was 9 by 5 by 5 

 inches in diameter. The size of these boulders indicate that the beds are near 

 the base of the Cretaceous Series. The boulder bed is covered by a quartzose sandy 



rfea Level 



Fig. 3. 



limestone containing blocks of a massive astrean coral. This coral has been so 

 acted upon by water that all the septa have been removed, and they were not even 

 recognisable in a slice cut from the middle of the mass. The coral with its narrow, 

 long, crowded prismatic corallites, and their union by the walls, agrees with 

 Astrocoenia ; and of the species described it would agree best with A. konincki, Ed. 

 and H.,from the Turonian of Gosau ; but the corallites are smaller, the average in 

 places being less than 2 mm., in diameter.* 



This coral-bearing limestone is succeeded by beds of sandy and sometimes false- 

 bedded marls, One bed of which is 3 feet thick. Above these beds is the great mass 

 of stratified limestone, dipping south-eastward. 



At the south-eastern end of the canyon the boulder beds reappear with large blocks 

 of gneiss and bands of the algal limestone. I searched here for ammonites, but was 

 unable to find any ; nor could I learn that any specimen of " S. " inflata had been 

 found at this locality, though it occurs on the coast at the mouth of the Hanha River. 



The walls of the Hanha basin expose a thick bed of red clay over white and 

 yellow clays. A hill of gneiss rises above the floor of the basin beside the manager's 

 house ; the foliation strikes to 50°. This rock is covered at the height of 230 feet 

 above the floor of the valley by gypsiferous marls and limestone containing bands of 



* Sections of limestone from the road cutting (p. 502) retain the internal structure; the corallites are about 

 2 - 5 mm. in diameter. 



TRANS. ROY. SOC. EDIN., VOL. LI, PART III (NO. 13). 73 



