xn 



AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 



January, 1910 



it 



Twelve years' wear 

 not one cent's worth of Repair." 



A customer writes: " The 6-inch Ericsson Hoi-Air Pumping Engine furnished to the ivritcr by 

 you about tnxseli'e years ago has given excellent satisfaction; not one cent's ivurth of repairs has 

 ever been needed by it." 



Certainly no stronger statement could be 

 niaile as to the wearing quality' of a Hot-Air 

 Pump. This dural)ility is the result not only 

 of care in manufacture, but is largely due to 

 its simplicity of construction and operation. 

 The Hot-Air Pump differs from a steam-engine 

 in that it is a machine of few parts and of low 

 not of high power; the power generated being 

 just sufficient for its particular purpose, /. e., 

 the pumping of water; therefore its parts are 

 subject to no j^ressure, such as is present in a 

 steatn-engine. With ordinary care such as 

 oiling, cleaning occasionally, and the rejDlacing 



of worn washers, a Hot-Air Pump will outlast 

 a generation of users. Thus purchasers are 

 assured freedom from expensive repairs, which 

 are the usual accompaniment of all elaborate 

 or intricately constructed macliines. 



The Hot-Air Pump is small, inconspicuous 

 and portable. It can be tucked away in a 

 corner of 3'our cellar, in the barn or woodshed; 

 no elaborate structure is required, such as a 

 wind-mill tower. You simply la\ a pipe to the 

 nearest or most conver.ient well, spring, or run- 

 ning brook and there you are, with _vour water 

 delivered in abundance everj' day in the year. 



Be sure .hat ,he name "REECO-R []FR °' "^^0+0 CSSUN =PP"" "P"" "><= 

 pump ycu purchase. ■auiP-ior ||IUL*11 *,ua^K»i. |,|| || v w W Wll This name pro- 



tects you against worthless imitations. When so situated that yoii cannot personally inspect 

 the pump before ordering, write to our nearest office (see list beltiw) for the name of a repu- 

 table dealer in your locality, who will sell you only the genuine pump. Over 411, OUO are in 

 use throughout the world to-day. Write for Catalogue E, ^'"^ ^>k for reduced price-list. 



Rider-Ericsson Engine Co. 



35 Warren Street, New York 

 239 -anklin Street, Boston 



40 Dearborn Street, Chicago 2:^t West Craig Street, Montreal. I'. Q. 



40Nortli7th Street, Philadelphia 22 Pitt Street, Sydney, X.S.W. 



(Also builders of the new **Reeco** Electric Pump) 



T AIR rUMP 



ARE YOU GOING TO BUILD? 



The specification of Woodward-Eubanks Mantels by the Architect 

 means satisfaction to the cuhured home-builder. 



Natural beauty of materials and harmonious elegance of design form a 

 combination of constructive elegance unsurpassed. 



Our 75-page, 10x14 inch catalog, which will be sent free to anyone 

 interested (enclose ten cents to cover postage), and state the number of 

 mantels required. 



The most unique line on the market. Write for catalog to-day. 



WOODWARD-EUBANKS MANTEL CO., Dept. D.Atlanta, Ga. 



.BROOK5eCO.(UVE!^.0- 



Sfrucfural&OrnamenfalSfeel Work 



Floor&Sidewalk Lights. 



SENOf^pCATALOGUE*. 



Dixon's 



Silica 

 Graphite 



Paint Lasts 



And the reason why it lasts is because its pigments are inert. What 

 have inert pigments to do with it? Our Booklet 106B will tell you. 



JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY, Jersey City, N. J. 



Modern Plumbing 

 Illustrated 



By R. M. STARBUCK 



400 (10Xx7>^) Pages 



55 Full Pages of 

 Engravings 



PRICE, $4.00 



fl A comprehensive and 

 up-to-date work illus- 

 trating and describing 

 the Drainage and Ven- 

 tilation of Dwellings, 

 Apartments and Public 

 Buildings, etc. The 

 very latest and most ap- 

 proved methods in all 

 branches of Sanitary In- 

 stallation are given. 



fl Many of the subjects treated in the text and illus- 

 trated follow in the next column. 



MUNN ^ CO., Inc., Publishers 



Scientific American Office, 363 Broadway, New York 



SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED 



Connections, 'ii/es and all working data for 

 Plumbing Fixtures and Groups of Fixtures 

 Traps — Veniing 



Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe 

 House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet 

 Floor and Yard Drains, etc. 

 Rain Leaders 

 Sub-soil Drainage 

 Floor Connections 

 Roof Connections 

 Local Venting 



Bath Room Connections [etc. 



Automatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses, 

 Use of Flushing Valves 

 Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms 

 Durham System 



Plumbing Construction without use of Lead 

 Automatic Sewage Lift — Sump Tank 

 Disposal of Sewage of Underground Floors of 



High Buildings 

 Country Plumbing 

 Cesspools 



The Electrolysis of Underground Pipes 

 Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons 

 Pneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc. 

 Examples of Poor Practice 

 Roughing — Testing 



Continuous Venting for all classes of Work 

 Circuit and Loop Venting 

 Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings 

 Cellar Work 



House Drain — House Sewer — Sewer Connections 

 Plumbing for Cottage House 

 Plumbing for Residence 

 Plumbing for Two-Flat House 

 Plumbing for Apartment Houses 

 Plumbing for Office Building 

 Plumbing for Public Toilet Rooms 

 Plumbing for Bath Establishment 

 Plumbing for Engine Houses 

 Plumbing for Stables 

 Plumbing for Factories 



Plumbing for School Houses, etc. [by Electricity 

 Thawing of Underground Mains and Service Pipes 



Coiiliiiued from page vii. 

 iron oxide and feldspar are the most com- 

 mon. The latter two may be left out of 

 consideration, as they seldom appear save 

 in small quantities. Clay, however, is 

 nearly always found in sand and many 

 times in considerable (juantities. To de- 

 termine what effect the presence of clay 

 has upon the strength of sand-lime brick, 

 S. V. Peppel, a member of the Ohio Geo- 

 logical Survey, made some valuable ex- 

 neriments. He made uj) numerous samples 

 of brick, varying- in each the iM-cccntage of 

 clay. Upon testing these brick he found 

 that up to three per cent addition of clay 

 very little change took place in the 

 strength of the brick, but for amounts 

 over this there was a decided decrease 

 Ijoth in crushing- and tensile strength. It 

 was also interesting- to note that small 

 amounts of clay decreased slightly the 

 water absorption of the brick, acting to 

 some extent as a waterproofing agent. 



For the manufacture of sand-lime brick 

 a high calcium lime is by all means the 

 ':est. Magnesian limes while they give just 

 as strong a brick as do the high-calcium 

 limes yet they are too slow in slacking and 

 one runs considerable risk in using them, 

 since if the lime is not thoroughly slacked 

 l)efore the brick go into the hardening 

 cylinder slacking will continue, and the 

 lime expanding will crack and ruin the 

 Ijrick. The best practice demands eight 

 per cent by weight of slacked lime. A less 

 amount of lime than this does not give a 

 brick first class strength ; and a larger per 

 cent of lime than this, while it adds slightly 

 to the crushing strength of the brick, it also 

 adds to the water absorption, and incident- 

 illy to the cost. 



To secure the best results the lime must 

 be thorotighly mixed and ground up with 

 the sand. For this mixing and grinding 

 there are various machines upon the 

 market which can be used. Among them 

 are the tubemill, ballmill, and gyratory 

 mill. The last two mills mentioned have 

 one advantage over the former, that is of 

 Ijeing- able to handle the material when it is 

 slightly damp, whereas in the tubemill a 

 trace of moisture in the material causes the 

 lime to stick and form a coat over the sides 

 of the silex lining, in which case little or 

 no grinding is done by the mill. How- 

 ever, the material being dry, of these three 

 classes of mills I believe the tubemill to be 

 the best, as it not only gives a very finely 

 ground product but also gives a more 

 tliorough mix than the other two mills. An- 

 other point in its favor is that the cost of 

 repairs on a tubemill is considerably less 

 than that required by the ball or gyratory 

 mill. 



In the manufacture of sand-lime brick 

 the machinery is subject to much greater 

 wear and strain than that used in the pro- 

 duction of clay brick, and the maximum of 

 this wear centres in the grinding mill and 

 the press. The press must be massive and 

 built to withstand excessive strains, because 

 a slight variation in the amount of water 

 added to the mix makes a very great differ- 

 ence in its compressibility; therefore the 

 l)ress must have a large surplus of strength 

 in order to withstand this extra stress 

 which will most likely be brought upon it. 

 Within the press the greatest wear is on 

 the mold box and mold liners. A set of 

 the best liners will turn out about 100,000 

 perfect brick. Beyond this number they 

 iDecome considerably worn and the edges of 

 the brick are feathered and rough so that 

 they are suitable only for common brick. 



In steaming the brick two methods can 

 be followed to secure the same result; 



