January, 19 lO 



AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 



Xlll 



either a high steam-pressure for a few- 

 hours or a low steam-pressure for a com- 

 paratively longer period. In either case 

 the brick will attain the same degree of 

 hardness. iNIost manufacturers are, how- 

 ever, agreed that 8 hours at a pressure of 

 120 pounds per square inch (2 hours be- 

 ing required to bring the cylinder up to this 

 pressure) is the best and most economical 

 practice. The steam must not be turned in 

 too fast, as the surfaces of the brick will 

 become highly heated while the interiors 

 remain cold ; the unequal expansion thus 

 produced causes the brick to check. 



Through the overzealous efforts of ma 

 chinery jobbers who think only of dispos- 

 ing of their machinery, an erroneous im 

 pression has been spread abroad that sand- 

 lime brick can be manufactured at an ex- 

 tremely low cost. The cost of manufactur- 

 ing sand-lime brick depends upon the same 

 variable quantities as does the manufacture 

 of clay brick or any other product. Labor 

 and fuel are the main items in the manufac- 

 ture of brick and to produce brick cheaply 

 a dollar's worth of labor must be got for 

 every dollar paid for labor, and for every 

 pound of fuel the greatest possible number 

 of heat units must be utilized. It is the 

 stopping of the little leaks that make the 

 profits in manufacturing. 



PRUNING 



PRUXIXG is one of the essential op- 

 erations in horticulture. Its ob- 

 jects are many and varied. It has 

 been practiced in some form and to 

 some degree ever since fruit plants have 

 been grown, points out Prof. W. R. 

 Lazenby in a paper read before the Society 

 for Horticultural Science, at St. Catharines, 

 Ont. 



In spite of its signal importance it is the 

 one fundamental practice in horticulture 

 about which we have little definite or exact 

 knowledge and still less well-grounded 

 principles. Is it too much to say that less 

 real progress has been made in the art of 

 pruning during the past quarter of a cen- 

 tury than in any other equally important 

 branch of horticultural practice? 



Certainly in the matter of selection of 

 varieties the question of the adaptability of 

 soil and site, the laying out and planting, 

 cultivation or management of soil, protec- 



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