VI 



AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 



June, 19 1 o 



This Handsome Cornell Portable Cottage 



Cost $150 Less than Local Builders 

 Would Construct a Similar One. 



"I paid less for my Cornell Portable Cottage than the material alone would have cost me, be- 

 sides saving the cost of labor and builder's fees and avoiding all trouble and annoyance incident 

 to construction," many of our customers have declared. Producing hundreds of portable cottages, 

 we buv lumber and hardware in large quantities at rock-bottom figures and reduce the labor cost to 

 a minimum, thus underselling local contractors. It is only another case of from factory to con- 

 sumer with the middleman's profits eliminated. 



Cornell Portable Cottages 



Are built complete in sections convenient for shipping and handling. They are erected at our 

 factory, so everything fits, and all sections being numbered, the assembling of the cottage is a very 

 simple matter. Anyone with a helper can easily erect one in a few hours. 



We employ only skilled workmen and use the best of lumber, paints and hardware. Our 

 large factory is especially equipped for this kind of work and we turn out the best portable houses 

 in America. Our cottages are complete even to the most minute detail, and the buildings are 

 painted both on the interior and exterior any colors desired- We prepay the freight to any rail- 

 road station. 



These cottages have heavy joists and flooring; they are durable and will last for years, in fact 

 as long as any well constructed house. 



Being so complete, so handsome and so inexpensive, they are in great demand, and hundreds 

 of satisfied owners located in nearly every state, testify to their excellence. We have a number of 

 styles and build any size desired. Our catalog tells all about them, and we will be pleased to mail 

 it upon request- 



We also build Portable Garages, Stores, Churches, etc. 



Wyckoff Lumber and Mfg. Co., 



410 Adams Street 

 ITHACA, N. Y. 



ALCOHOL 



Its Manufacture 

 Its Denaturization 

 Its Industrial Use 



The Cost of Manufacturing Denaturized Alcohol in Germany and 

 German IVIethods of Denaturization are discussed by Consui-f;eiier;U 

 Frank H. Mason in Scientific Ameiican Supplement 1550. 



The Use, Cost and Efficiency of Alcohol as a Fuel for Gas Engines 



are ably explained by H. Diedericlis in Scientific American Supple- 

 ment \^9b. Many clear diagrams accompany the text. The article con- 

 siders the fuel value and pltysical properties of alcohol, and gfives details 

 of the alcohol engine wherever they may be different from those of a 

 easoline or crude oil motor 



In Supplements 1607. 1608. 1609 we publish a digest of the rules 

 and regulations under wliicli the U. S internal Revenue will permit 

 the manufacture and denaturation of tax free alcohol. 



A comparison of the Use Of Alcohol and Gasoline in Farm Engines 



is ?i\'en in Scientific A mei-ican Supplemoits 1634 and 163 5 by 

 Prof. Charles E. Lucke and S. M. Woodward. 



The Manufacture, Denaturing and the Technical and Chemical 



Utilization of Alcohol is ably discussed in tlie Scientific American 

 Supplements 1636 and 1637 by M. Klar aiul I-'. H. Meyer, both c\ 

 perts in the chemistry and distillation of alcohol. Illustrations of stills 

 and plants accompany the text 



The Sources of Industrial Alcohol, that is the Farm Products from 

 \\hich alcohol is distilled, are cruimernted by Dr. H. W. Wiley in 

 Scientific America n Supplements 1611 and 1612 and their relative 

 alcohol content compared. 



The Distillation and Rectification of Alcohol is the title of a splendid 



article by the late Max Maercker (the greatest autliorily on alcohol) ^Mh- 

 VKhniWn Scientific Ameiican Supplements 1627 and 1628. Dia- 

 grams of the various types of stills in common use are used as illustrations 

 In Scientific American Supplement 1613 the Uses of Industrial 



Alcohol in the Arts and In the Home are discussed. 



Any Single Number of the Scientific American or Supplement 

 will be sent for 10 cents by miii. The entire set of papers above listed 

 will be mailed on receipt of S2.00. 



Send for Our New 1910 Supplement Catalogue. FREE to Any Address. 



Order from your neivsdealer or from the publishers 



MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., 361 Broadway, New York City 



In Scientific American Supplement 1581 the Production Of In- 

 dustrial Alcohol and its Use in Explosive Motors are treated at length, 



valuable statistics being given of the cost of manufacturing alcohol from 

 farm products and using it in engines. 



French Methods of Denaturization constitute the subject of a good 



article published in Scientific American Supplement 1599. 



How Industrial Alcohol is Made and Used is told very fully and 



clearly in No. 3, Vol. 95, of the Scientific American. 



The most complete treatise on the Modem Manufacture of Alcohol, 



explaining thoroughly the chemical principles which underlie the pro- 

 cess without too many wearisome technical phrases, and describing and 

 illustrating all the apparatus required in an alcohol plant is published in 

 Scientific American Supplements 1603, 1604 and 1605. The 

 article is by L. Baudry de Saunier, the well-known French authority. 



COATING ROOFS WHITE TO REPEL 

 HEAT RAYS 



BY A. J. JARMAN. 



THE almost general practice of paint- 

 ing the metal covering of the roofs 

 of houses with the red or chocolate- 

 covered oxide of iron, is one of the causes 

 of the insufiferable high temperature of top 

 rooms or attics during the summer months. 

 Although good as a covering for metal, 

 this paint because of its color absorbs the 

 heat rays and conducts the heat to the in- 

 terior. The roof-covering material is not 

 always metal. If tar paper or tar felt and 

 gravel have been used, no kind of white 

 paint will retain its- color upon them. If 

 the covering is zinc, this metal is apt to 

 prevent the adherence of paint, particularly 

 when new. Although white paint made 

 with oil and driers can be used upon a roof 

 previously covered with chocolate-colored 

 paint, another material must be used for a 

 tar and gravel roof. To secure a thor- 

 oughly adhesive coating upon new zinc, 

 brush over the metal the following mix- 

 ture : Sulphate of copper two ounces, chlo- 

 ride of copper two ounces, salammoniac 

 two ounces, water one gallon. When the 

 salts have become dissolved, add two 

 ounces of spirit of salt (common hydro- 

 chloric acid). Allow this to dry upon the 

 zinc for about twenty-four hours, when it 

 will be found that any kind of oil paint 

 will adhere perfectly to the zinc. 



For a tar roof, use a freshly-made mix- 

 ture of lime wash, moderately thick and 

 hot. Two coats of this will adhere firmly 

 to the tar, and retain its white color, as 

 well as becoming very hard and resisting 

 rain without washing ofif. If the lime mix- 

 ture has become cold, the hardening prop- 

 erty will be lost. In that case, to every 

 pailful add a double handful of common 

 salt. Stir in well until dissolved. 



PAINT FOR THE PROTECTION OF CEMENT 

 FROM ACIDS 



IN the preparation of such a paint, take 

 pure asbestos, pulverized as finely as 

 possible, and mix it with a solution of 

 silicate of sodium, as alkaline as possible. 

 The asbestos is first rubbed up with a small 

 quantity of the silicate until a dough-like 

 mass is obtained, which is preserved in 

 well-closed vessels. Before use, this paste 

 must be thinned down with the silicate so- 

 lution, until a sort of paint is obtained, 2 

 to 3 coats of which will protect the walls 

 of the reservoir, etc., from acids, either 

 solid or fluid. The mass may also be em- 

 ployed for coating sandstone. 



IT has been decided, after an experiment 

 extending over two years in the Place 

 de la Republique, one of the busiest 

 squares in Paris, to adopt the method of 

 the laying of wood pavement which has 

 been tested, along the entire length of the 

 Rue de Rivoli. The process in question, 

 which is the invention of M. Managnan, 

 consists in a preliminary treatment of the 

 wood blocks to give them the qualities of 

 suppleness and strength. The wood is 

 heated to a temperature of 80 deg. C. in a 

 special bath, containing alkaline, carbon- 

 ates, and wood tar. By this treatment it 

 loses 20 per cent, of water and 10 per cent, 

 of solid matters of various kinds, and there 

 remains a timber, the density of which 

 has been increased by 40 to 50 per cent. 

 The new material prepared in this way 

 avoids the necessity of repairs for two 

 years at least, which, in Paris, entail a cost 

 of not less than 30 cents per square meter 

 annually. 



