xu 



AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 



October, 1910 



Heating for delicate women 



The width of a window-sill sep- 

 arates fierce Winter from gen- 

 tle Summer— that is, if your 

 heating outfit has been rightly 

 chosen. The most delicate 

 women and the frailest flowers 

 thrive and bloom in the whole- 

 some warmth and ventilation 

 brought about by 



American X Ideal 



ii Radiators ^Iboilers 



The cleanly, genial warmth these 

 outfits produce enables your wife to 

 dress in light-weight, becoming cloth- 

 ing, to appear at her graceful best, to 



work and exercise unrestrictedly; and relieves her of all back-breaking 

 drudgery that is a part of old-fashioned heating methods. 

 IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators are sure aids to domestic happiness 

 and economy. They keep the house cozy and healthful in all kinds of bad weather. 

 By saving much coal and doing away with repair bills, as well as giving long life to 

 furnishings and decorations, they more than earn their cost. In fact, they are in 

 every way an investment — not an expense. 



, n ADVANTAGE 21, All IDEAL Steam Boilers are 



yx ..^^ fitted with Sylphon Regulator, which is the greatest im- 



, J^ ^*\L .jd^ ^^ ' provement made in a century, for giving perfect control 



i/ f^ '■k. ^^^B ^g^m . , over the draft and check dampers. This regulator keeps 



f« — .^ofl^^.l^. .^^«P^»»Bw*l-* . tije steam steadily at the right point for economical 



heating and insures uniform heating of the rooms. Saves 



h I njHI^WS f running up and down the cellar stairs during quick- 



' changing weather. (If you have a boiler without this 



regulator be sure to write us for full particulars.) Ask 



also for our new edition of "Ideal Heating" (free) which 



A No. 2118 IDEAL Boiler and A No. A-241 IDEAL Boiler tells all the arffflWte^M of the WOrld-famOUS IDEAL Boil- 



270 ft. of 38-inch AMERICAN and 461 ft. of 38-inch AMER. grs and AMERICAN Radiators. 



Radiators, costing the owner ICAN Radiators costing 'he »i. j >.. 



$135, were used to Hot-Water owner $315. were used to Hot- Ifyou want to make your home a haven ot Warmth, don t 

 heat this cottage. Water heat this cottage. wait Until you build, but comfort your present house 



At these prices the goods can be bought of any reputable, com- with an outfit of IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radi- 

 petent fitter. This did not Include cost of labor, pipe, valves, atOrS. Put in nOW withoUt disturbing yOUr Old heaterS 



freight, etc., -which installation is extra and varies according to until readv tO Start fire in the new. 

 climatic and other conditions. 



Showrooms in all 

 large cities 



AMERICAN R ADIATOR r OMPANY 



Write to Dept. 6 

 CHICAGO 



ALCOHOL 



Its Manufacture 

 Its Denaturization 

 Its Industrial Use 



The Cost of Manufacturing Denaturized Alcohol in Germany and 

 German IVIethods of Denaturization are discussed by Consui-Generai 

 Frank H. Mason in Scientific American Supplevient 1550. 



The Use, Cost and Efficiency of Alcohol as a Fuel for Gas Engines 



are ably explained by H. Diederichs in Scientific A merican Sitppte- 

 ment 1S96. Many clear diagrams accompany the text. The article con- 

 siders the fuel value and physical properties of alcohol, and gives details 

 of the alcohol engine wherever they may be different from those of a 

 gasoline or crude oil motor 



In Scientific American Supplement 1581 the Production Of In- 

 dustrial Alcohol and its Use in Explosive Motors are treated at length, 



valuable statistics being given of the cost of manufacturing alcohol from 

 farm products and using it in engines. 



French Methods of Denaturization constitute the subject of a good 



article published in Scientific American Supplement 1599. 



How Industrial Alcohol is Made and Used is told very fully and 



clearly in No. 3, Vol. 95, of the Scientific American* 



The most complete treatise on the Modern Manufacture of Alcohol, 



explaining thoroughly the chemical principles which underlie the pro- 

 cess without too many wearisome technical phrases, and describing and 

 illustrating all the apparatus required in an alcohol plant is published in 

 Scientific American Supplements 160B, 1604 and 1605. The 

 article is by L. Baudry de Saunier, the well-known French authority. 



Send for Our New 1910 Supplement Catalogue, 



In Supplements \b'il. 1608, 1609 we publish a digest Of the rules 

 and regulations under which the U. S internal Revenue will permit 

 the manufacture and denaturation of tax free alcohol. 



A comparison of the Use Of Alcohol and Gasoline in Farm Engines 



is given in Scientific American Supplements 1634 and 163 5 by 

 Prof. Charles E. Lucke and S. M. Woodward. 



The Manufacture, Denaturing and the Technical and Chemical 



Utilization of Alcohol is ably discussed in the Scientific American 

 Supplements 1636 and 1637 by M. Klar and F. H. Meyer, both ex 

 perts in the chemistry and distillation of alcohol. Illustrations of stills 

 and plants accompany the text 



The Sources of Industrial Alcohol, that is the Farm Products from 

 which alcohol is distilled, are enumerated by Dr. H. W. Wiley in 

 Scientific American Supplements 1611 and 1612 and their relative 

 alcohol content compared. 



The Distillation and Rectification of Alcohol is the title of a splendid 



article by the late Max Maercker (the greatest authority on alcohol) ^uh- 

 Wsheiin Scientific American Siipplements 1627 and 1628. Dia- 

 grams of the various types of stills in common use are used as illustrations 



In Scientj He American Supplement 1613 the Uses Of Industrial 



Alcohol in the Arts and in the Home are discussed. 



Any Single Number of the Scientific American or Supplement 

 will be sent for 10 cents by mail. The entire set of papers above listed 

 will be mailed on receipt of S2.00. 



FREE to Any Address. 



Order from your newsdealer or from the publishers 



MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., 361 Broadway, New York City 



saved for the waste silver it contains. If it 

 is desired to increase the thickness of the 

 deposit of silver, the operation must be re- 

 peated as soon as the silvering is complete ; 

 wash the plate well in a soft stream of run- 

 ning water, stand it cornerwise to drain and 

 dry. When dry, the following protective 

 varnish must be used as a coating to protect 

 the deposited silver : Shellac, 1/2 pound ; 

 wood alcohol, G pints. As soon as this 

 coating has dried it must be painted over 

 again with the following paint : Red lead, ^ 

 pound ; white lead, Yz pound ; mixed with 

 enough boiled oil and a small quantity of 

 turpentine to make a good covering with a 

 single coating. A small quantity of gold 

 size must also be added to insure quick dry- 

 ing and a tough adhering quality. The mir- 

 row is now ready for framing. If much 

 work has to be done, it will be advisable to 

 cover the slate all over with a piece of felt, 

 and keep the felt wet during the operation 

 for two reasons : First, no pieces of woolen 

 fibre can settle upon the plate, and secondly, 

 the heat from the slate slab is communi- 

 cated to the glass better than from a dry 

 surface. 



For a regular workshop a very good size 

 is 4 by 7 feet, with a gutter cut around the 

 slab, so that the spent silvering liquid can 

 run from the tilted plate, around the table, 

 and be collected by running through a hole 

 at one corner. In this case the liquid will 

 be sure to come in contact with the felt. 

 This will prove of no consequence, because 

 in time it will become saturated with silver, 

 which will realize twenty times its first cost 

 when sent to the silver refiner, and not only 

 pay for a new felt covering, but increase 

 the size of the pocket book at the same time. 



TO bleach feathers or plumes with Per- 

 oxide of Hydrogen — 1, preparation 

 of the feathers. The feathers are 

 freed from grease in petroleum benzine. 

 For this, two baths are required, in each of 

 which the feathers remain 3 to 4 hours, be- 

 ing from time to time moved about. While 

 in a wet condition, the feathers must not 

 be violently swirled about or shaken. The 

 fat being thus removed, the feathers are 

 dried in a current of air at a moderate 

 heat. 2, Bleaching bath. The technical 3 

 per cent, peroxide of hydrogen solution is 

 mixed, stirring in the meantime, with so 

 much spirits of sal-ammoniac, until it 

 no longer turns blue litmus paper red, on 

 the other hand, the red litmus paper be- 

 comes faintly violet. 3, Bleaching. The 

 feathers, prepared in accordance with 1, 

 are immersed, at ordinary temperature, in 

 the bleaching bath, until they are com- 

 pletely covered with the fluid. The bleach- 

 ing bath should be in a glass or earthen- 

 ware vessel, and protected from light. 

 From time to time the feathers must be 

 moved about. According to circumstances 

 the bleaching is complete in 1 to 2 days. A 

 series of baths, to be systematically ex- 

 hausted, is to be recommended. Bleaching 

 by dipping and drying. The feathers, pre- 

 pared according to 1, are dipped in the bath 

 2, allowed to drain and dried in a moving 

 current of air; the operation, after perfect 

 drying, to be several times repeated. 4, 

 Subsequent treatment. Violent movement 

 to be avoided. From the bleaching bath, 

 the feathers are to be transferred to a bath 

 of distilled or rain water and gently moved 

 about therein. When the water has run oflf, 

 transfer them to a bath of alcohol, possibly 

 mixed with ether, then dry them in moving 

 warm air. The dry feathers must be re- 

 peatedly dipped into benzine and this 

 evaporated by moving in the air. Draw 

 them over the sharp edge of a knife and 

 curl them. 



