OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.- 7 



rendered crystalline by the tremendous lateral pressure in the 

 earth's crust, so that could a horizontal section have been cut 

 through the remains of the arches and could any one have 

 walked over it from the W. S. W. towards the E. N. E. he 

 would have passed over bands of hard quartzite, hard conglo- 

 merate, hard limestone, hard granite, -and comparatively soft 

 bands of clay slates, not in the order given, but in a sequence 

 determined by the original bedding of the Gondwana rocks and 

 the calcareous series, the dislocations, and the position of the 

 zones of irruption of the granite. 



At what period the denudation of rivers and sea first 

 touched the materials of the shattered arches we do not yet 

 know. We can be sure, however, that whenever the wearing 

 away of these rocks commenced, it canno have been long before 

 the superior hardness ot the granite, quartzite, conglomerate 

 and limestone, shewed itself by greater resistance to rivers and 

 sea, resulting in the formation of ranges of hills inland and 

 islands on the coast, such as Pulau Tiuman on the east coast, 

 Pulau Pinang, and the Pulau Sembilan on the west. 



The denudation of the rivers acting on the remains of the 

 great arches of the Gondwana and calcareous rocks and the 

 granite has carved out our mountain ranges : but what proof 

 have we now on the surface that the dislocations in the arches 

 ever took place ? In Kinta, fortunately, we have good evidence 

 of them. I cannot do more here than describe the evidence 

 briefly. On the east of Gunong Tempurong, a limestone hill 

 south of Gopeng, traces of schists, representing altered 

 Gondwana rocks, on the edge of the granite of the main range 

 and at the base of a perpendicular cliff of limestone, shew the 

 position of one of the greater dislocations that resulted in a mass 

 of the arch falling into the magma and allowing the granite to 

 take its place. We cannot say this is a fault with so many 

 feet " throw," because the thrown side has disappeared en- 

 tirely except for the traces of schists. 



The cliff that I speak of is about 800 feet high and the 

 distance across the main granite range to the calcareous rocks 

 in Pahang is about thirty miles. It is difficult to imagine a 



R, A. Soc\, No, 59, 1911* 



