8 A SKETCH OF THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE 



strip of the earth's crust of that width, the length of the main 

 range, and 800 feet high, sinking into a cauldron of molten 

 granite, but we can only take that 800 ft. to be the minimum 

 height of the mass that has been utterly engulfed, as shewn 

 by the remnants of schists torn off againt the limestone wall and 

 fixed in their present position by the granite magma surging 

 upwards. 



Again, although in Pahang there is evidence of the lime- 

 stone hills having been formed by resistance to denudation in 

 unfaulted areas, in Kinta there is running up the east side of 

 the valley a long fault parallel to the main granite range that 

 has caused the formation of the bluffs on the west side of the 

 limestone outcrops. A large mass of the limestone now 

 forming the floor of the Kinta Valley was dislocated, with the 

 result that soft beds of the over-lying Gondwana rocks were 

 left against the hard unfaulted limestone, and when the Kinta 

 river came into being it flowed over and wore away the soft 

 rocks, leaving the unfaulted limestone as cliffs, which are in 

 geological terminology " fault-faces." 



Of the transverse dislocation at right angles to the main 

 faults there is good evidence at Gopeng. Here the continuity 

 of the limestone foothills to the north is suddenly interrupted 

 by a mass of Gondwana rocks, but the limestone hills reappear 

 to the south again, and it is known that under the Gondwana 

 rocks limestone occurs. It is clear that a block of limestone 

 and Gondwana rocks, seven miles in width from north to 

 south, has been let down between two transverse faults. 



I mentioned, above denudation by the sea as forming 

 islands, and must now briefly explain how it has further 

 affected the Peninsula. If any one visits the limestone hill 

 described as being on the left hand side of the mouth of the 

 Kedah river he will find strewn round the base of the cliffs 

 abundant remains of recent corals and sea-shells. If he will 

 proceed towards Singgora on the low rolling country to the 

 west of the barrier range of Gondwana rocks, noting that the 

 Kedah river emerges from these hills and does not flow over 

 the low ground until it reaches the padi-fields of Alor Star, he 



Jour, Straits Branch 



