April, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Vv 
“ducts” which ascend to the upper floors. 
The latter must, if possible, be kept from the 
outer walls, and be run in the interior parti- 
tions. If run outside, the air which the pipes 
carry will be cooled prior to reaching its des- 
tination. The ducts should have one dimen- 
sion, about three and three-quarter inches, so 
that they may be placed between the two-inch 
by four-inch studs, and the whole surface 
evenly lathed and plastered. In front of the 
ducts insist upon expanded metal lath instead 
of the wooden lath of the remainder of the 
wall surface. Best of all is to have a double 
duct, the slight air space between the inner 
“and outer duct acting not only as an excel- 
lent non-conductor, but the double pipe being 
an additional protection against fire and sav- 
ing many a wallpaper from fading where the 
hot air duct ascends. 
Each register and room should have its own 
separate duct. Having several registers in 
rooms above each other, fed by the same pipe, 
is never satisfactory. “The placing of the reg- 
isters is important. Do not place them in 
front of a fireplace or under or in front of a 
window. They are best placed in the low por- 
tions of the wall. In the floor they are never 
pleasant to walk upon—they are in the way 
of rugs; dust and dirt are swept into them, 
which again is blown up into the rooms by 
the hot air and rebreathed. Set them in double 
boxes and in slate or soapstone frames. 
House-builders very frequently ask the ques- 
tion, “How large a furnace shall I purchase, 
and where shall I purchase it?” An architect, 
or the future owner, may easily calculate the 
cubical contents of his house, and turn to 
the manufacturers’ catalogue and find what 
size and cost of furnace will heat the given | 
multiple. The proper heating of the cubical 
contents is, however, very dependent upon the 
amount of glass surface, the exposure, and the 
construction of the walls. It is thus better 
rather to specify the make of the furnace and 
to demand that the heating contractor shall 
provide a furnace and run pipes sufficient to 
heat all portions of the house in zero weather 
to an even temperature of, say, seventy de- 
grees. Procuring a furnace of an excellent 
make, and one, above all, having sufficient 
radiating surface, is most important. It should 
never be complicated. If it is simple, it is easy 
to run, easy to clean, and it affords good venti- 
lation and general satisfaction. 
The steam and hot water plant are to 
the furnace what the automobile is to the 
horse. One meets the greater demands in 
place of the older or more modest ones. Both 
of the newer systems may be subdivided un- 
der various special headings, but as the more 
complicated and perfect systems are consider- 
ably more expensive, they can merely be con- 
sidered where the whole problem of the house 
is elaborate and costly. 
As the hot air plant may be divided into 
furnace, ducts and registers, so steam and hot 
water plants may be divided into boiler, piping 
and radiators. “The last two systems are very 
similar in their general construction and work- 
ing. In a steam plant the steam evaporated 
in the boiler is carried from the main or dis- 
tributing pipe through the various supply pipes 
to the radiators. As the steam ascends it 
cools and condenses, whereupon it returns by 
its own gravity to the boiler, either through 
the same pipe along which it ascended (single 
pipe system) or through a separate return pipe 
(two pipe system). In a hot water plant the 
whole system, boiler, pipes and radiators, is 
completely filled with hot water. The heated 
water expands and rises through the main 
flowpipe above the boiler, up through the cir- 
culating pipes to the radiators, gradually 
giving out a portion of its heat; the water in 
the pipes cools and returns again down through 
(Continued on page £x) 
LEUR-D E-LIS of the 
French, and Iris of our 
gardens, are admirable 
hardy border plants. There 
are varieties and colors in- 
numerable in flowers large 
and handsome, exhibiting 
beautiful shades and varia- 
tions. The great group of 
Japanese Iris 
Cris laevigata) 
are fine border plants, flower- 
ing in June and July. In 
congenial situations they grow 
3 to 3% feet and on stems 3 
to 4 feet long, produce flow- 
ers from 10 to 12 inches in 
diameter, and delicate as 
orchids. Colors are brilliant 
and striking, in shades of 
blue, purple and red; white 
marked with shades of these 
colors, and yellow, and pure 
white. We can select va- 
rieties to cover the full 
blooming period. 
ee } STRONG PLANTS 
Japanese Iris at Andorra 25c. each, $2 per 10, $15 per 100 
Those interested in collections of Japanese Iris and other perennial plants, 
will find our Calendar of Perennials of great value in their garden work. 
Our Spring Price List of Andorra Crown Ornamental Trees 
and Shrubs is now ready and should be consulted before placing 
your Spring business. 
ANDORRA NURSERIES 
WILLIAM WARNER HARPER, Proprietor 
CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
This FREE BOOK means 
a Healthfully and Economically 
Heated Home — 
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Planning or Building a Home? 
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. 154-L Fifth Ave. 
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Mailed for two 2c. stamps. 
Kelsey Heating Co., 
