April, 1909 AMERICAN 
better than the usual red 
pressed brick. It need never 
be painted, a mere cloth will 
when necessary keep it clean. 
If a few coats of paint above 
the wainscot prove too ex- 
pensive, nothing will look 
cleaner than a few rolls of 
unfigured enameled tile wall- 
paper costing about thirty 
cents a roll. 
Tile flooring is not only 
expensive, but very hard for 
the cook to walk on. A wood- 
pulp flooring is here prefer- 
able—it is fireproof, so that 
it may be run up in front of 
the range, and the hearth en- 
tirely done away with. If 
you paint your side walls— 
and there is no better place 
to spend the money you are 
putting into your house— 
paint them rather buff or 
gray than white, they will not need freshening as frequently. 
Good ventilation of the kitchen is essential if your cook 
is to survive a first summer. If possible, procure a cross 
current of air by placing windows in walls facing one an- 
other. Place a hood over your range with a register under 
it to gather up the heat and smells into a ventilating flue. 
A kitchen is a working room, sometimes for the laundress as 
well as the cook, and must consequently be planned most 
carefully. A small gas stove does not cost much, and the gas 
bill is likewise slight. Your cook will soon find out how 
much less coal has to be carried, and heat and dirt is saved 
by it, and she will soon use the gas stove exclusively for 
breakfasts. Your yearly coal] bill will be much smaller. 
The boiler is not only in the way, but radiates a great deal 
of heat. It is well to cover it with asbestos and canvas jacket- 
ing, secured by brass bands and painted. The table where 
the cook works should not be near the heat of the range. 
The sink is best made of galvanized iron or porcelain, with 
a roll rim, about twenty-four inches broad and forty-two 
inches long; a good-sized ash drain board, slanted and 
grooved and merely finished with oil, will save the cook many 
steps. It must be placed where there is plenty of light, and 
the window sill behind it 
higher than that of most 
windows, so as not to leave 
an awkward hole for dust 
and dirt to collect in. 
Your laundry tubs ought, 
if possible, to be in a sepa- 
rate room, so as to keep the 
washing and the cooking 
apart, with all their inci- 
dental labor and disturb- 
ance. If economy forces 
you to combine them, you 
may very cheaply purchase 
a small combination set of 
fixtures, composed of the 
kitchen sink with a tub on 
each side, the sink drain- 
boards acting as covers to 
the tubs when they are not 
in use, and folding against 
the wall, back of them, on 
washing days. The kitchen 
GLASS SHELF 
‘LAVATORY 
HOMES AND GARDENS 
139 
A toilet and bathroom in two compartments 
g -0 ” 
FLAN OF BATHOO/M 
The space in this bathroom is economically used 
ceiling will probably be coy- 
ered with pipes taking hot 
water from the waterback 
and boiler to the various 
supply points, as well as 
cold water to kitchen, laun- 
dry and pantry fixtures. 
When correctly run and 
neatly hung in iron hangers 
to proper wooden cleats, 
they are not unsightly. Coat 
them with aluminum bronze 
and lay the valves so that 
any defect in the supply 
throughout the house may at 
once be checked by knowl- 
edge of the proper control. 
A galvanized iron tank 
costs about one-half as much 
as a copper one; it is not so 
good looking, but may be 
bronzed similarly to the 
pipes. A copper boiler is 
better, as there is no danger 
of rusty water in it. Place the refrigerator outside the 
kitchen, where the iceman can easily get at it from outside 
as well as the cook from inside. A one and one-half inch 
discharge pipe from below the pan leading to the cellar sink 
will save the floor from many a flooding. 
The pantry sink had better be made of planished copper, 
and as only silver or the glass and china of the table are 
washed in it, it need not be as large as the kitchen sink—six- 
teen inches by twenty-four inches is a good size. Making it 
of planished copper instead of porcelain will save many a 
plate from being broken, though a wooden mat will help 
a good deal if placed in the bottom of a porcelain sink. Of 
course, it should be placed where the waitress has good light, 
if possible, from over her shoulder. Do not close with cup- 
boarding the space below the sink, but leave it open and easy 
to clean. 
Provide for a gas outlet in the base of the pantry, near 
the dining-room door, for connections for a plate-warmer, 
especially useful in summer, when steam or hot water coils 
may not be serviceable for such purpose. 
The plumbing for the small house is a very important 
subject, and is one that should receive every possible con- 
sideration, not only from an 
economic point but also 
from a sanitary point. The 
plumbing for a small house 
can be economically  in- 
stalled, provided an intel- 
ligent selection is made of 
the various fixtures, and the 
position they are to occupy. 
From a sanitary point of 
view much thought should 
be given to the connection 
of the various fixtures. The 
sectional drawings on page 
137 show the various con- 
nections of the fixtures for 
the laundry in the cellar, 
kitchen and pantry on the 
first floor, and bathroom on 
the second floor. It shows 
soil pipes, vent pipes and 
connections, and waste 
pipes of each floor. 
BATH TUB 
TOWEL FACK- 
TOWEL FACK. 
